作者：Hannah, Leslie
摘要：The businesses of developed Europe-transporting freight by a more advantageous mix of ships, trains, and horses-encountered logistic barriers to trade lower than those in the sparsely populated United States. Economically integrated, compact northwest Europe was a multinational market space larger than the United States, and, arguably, as open to interstate commerce as the contemporary American domestic market. By the early twentieth century, the First European Integration had enabled its manu...
作者：Harvard University; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; Northwestern University; University of Zurich
摘要：The enormous Nazi voting literature rarely builds on modern statistical or economic research. By adding these approaches, we find that the most widely accepted existing theories of this era cannot distinguish the Weimar elections from almost any others in any Country. Via a retrospective voting account, we show that voters most hurt by the depression, and most likely to oppose the government, fall into separate groups with divergent interests. This explains why some turned to the Nazis and oth...
作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
作者：Stockholm School of Economics
作者：Complutense University of Madrid; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE); Harvard University
摘要：Like the rest of the poor periphery, Mexico fought with de-industrialization in the century before the 1870s. Yet, Mexican manufacturing defended itself better than did the rest of the poor periphery. Why Mexican exceptionalism? This article decomposes the sources of de-industrialization into productivity events abroad, globalization forces connecting Mexico to those markets, and domestic forces. It uses a neo-Ricardian model to implement the decomposition, advocates a price dual approach, and...
