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作者：Universite de Montreal; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The received view pins the adoption of labor regulation before 1914 on domestic forces. Using directed dyad-year event history analysis, we find that trade was also a pathway of diffusion. Market access served as an important instrument to encourage the diffusion of labor regulation. The type of trade mattered as much as the volume. In the European core, states emulated the labor regulation of partners because intra-industry trade was important. The New World exported less differentiated produ...
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作者：Stanford University
摘要：We construct an individual-level data set of partnership contracts in late-nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro to study the determinants of contract terms. Partners with limited liability contributed more capital and received lower draws for private expenses and lower profit shares than their unlimited partners. Unlimited partners in turn received higher-powered incentives when they contracted with limited partners than when they contracted with unlimited partners. A reform that changed the rela...
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作者：Cornell University
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作者：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College
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作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were more than twice as responsive as whites to income transfers in their retirement decisions and 6 to 8 times as responsive in their choice of independent living arrangements, My findings have implications for understanding racial differences in rates of retirement and independent living at the beginning of the twentieth century, the rise in re...
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作者：Wellesley College
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作者：McGill University
摘要：Scholars have long noted the significant impact of general purpose technologies (GPTs) on the economy, However, limited attention has been paid to exploring how they are employed to generate inventions in downstream sectors (crossover inventions), and what factors may facilitate such diffusion. In a study of the introduction of electrical technology in the late-nineteenth-century. United States, we find that knowledge spillovers between industries had little influence on the geography of cross...
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作者：Universite de Lille
摘要：This article tests whether smaller domestic markets can explain why France industrialized more slowly than Britain. To do so, it uses the Tableaux du Maximum. It begins by presenting this source and then checks if the data from the source are plausible using a logit theoretical gravity equation. The results of this gravity equation are then employed to compute the expected market size of specific supply centers. Even if differences in real, nominal, and disposable income are taken into account...
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作者：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Leipzig University
