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• Structural Change in Argentina, 1935-1960: The Role of Import Substitution and Factor Endowments AI翻译
  作者：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); University of London; King's College London
  摘要：This article investigates structural change in Argentina between 1935 and 1960, a period of rapid industrialization and of relative decline of the agricultural sector. We use a dynamic three-sector computable general equilibrium model of the period to analyze the effects of the policies of import-substituting industrialization (ISI), and changing factor endowments, on the structure of the economy. We find that the declining land-labor ratio was more important than ISI in explaining relative st...
• Bismarck's Institutions: A Historical Perspective on the Social Security Hypothesis AI翻译
  作者：University of Mannheim
• Workers Go Shopping in Argentina: The Rise of Poular Consumer Culture AI翻译
  作者：University of Buenos Aires
• Beggar Thy Neighbor: A History of Usury and Debt AI翻译
  作者：Northwestern University
• Plagues, Wages, and Economic Change in the Islamic Middle East, 700-1500 AI翻译
  作者：Bogazici University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
  摘要：This study establishes long-term trends in the purchasing power of the wages of unskilled workers and develops estimates for GDP per capita for medieval Egypt and Iraq. Wages were heavily influenced by two long-lasting demographic shocks, the Justinian Plague and the Black Death and the slow population recovery that followed. As a result, they remained above the subsistence minimum for most of the medieval era. We also argue that the environment of high wages that emerged after the Justinian P...
• Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease AI翻译
  作者：Northwestern University
• Agrarian Change and Crisis in Europe, 1200-1500 AI翻译
  作者：McGill University
• Their Fair Share: Taxing the Rich in the Age of FDR AI翻译
  作者：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
• The Education of Nations: How the Political Organization of the Poor, Not Democracy Led Governments to Invest in Mass Education. AI翻译
  作者：Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
• The Black Man's Burden: The Cost of Colonization of French West Africa AI翻译
  作者：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
  摘要：Was colonization costly for France? Did French taxpayers contribute to colonies' development? This article reveals that French West Africa's colonization took only 0.29 percent of French annual expenditures, including 0.24 percent for military and central administration and 0.05 percent for French West Africa's development. For West Africans, the contribution from French taxpayers was almost negligible: mainland France provided about 2 percent of French West Africa's revenue. In fact, coloniza...