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作者：Vienna University of Economics & Business
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作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We evaluate the role of taxes on overseas trade in the development of imperial Britain's fiscal-military state. Influential work, for example, Brewer's Sinews of Power, attributed increased fiscal capacity to the taxation of domestic, rather than traded, goods: excise revenues, coarsely associated with domestic goods, grew faster than customs revenues. We construct new historical revenue series disaggregating excise revenues from traded and domestic goods. We find substantial growth in revenue...
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作者：Dartmouth College
摘要：The decision by developing countries to open up their economies to foreign trade and investment in the 1980s and 1990s was a momentous event in world history. How and why did this trade policy revolution take place? Most accounts of trade politics stress domestic interest groups or trade agreements as driving policy changes, but these explanations fail in this period. This paper notes that many import restrictions were imposed for balance of payments purposes, as a way of avoiding a devaluatio...
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作者：Lund University; Uppsala University
摘要：We use individual-level income data from archived taxation lists to study top-income earners in Sweden from 1909 to 1950. Using information on 21,055 individual taxpayers in two elite areas in greater Stockholm, we show that top incomes fell in real terms over this period, at a stable pace without obvious connection to the Great Depression or the world wars. The peak of inequality was related to the early stages of a globalized economy with Schumpeterian entrepreneurial profits; the decline wa...
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作者：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University
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作者：Occidental College
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作者：University of California System; University of California Irvine
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作者：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：This study examines intergenerational mobility in China over 6 centuries using unique genealogical data on father-son pairs from 7 clans in Tongcheng County. Covering 18 generations and approximately 40,000 individuals, the analysis spans a broad set of social classes, from ordinary people to jinshi degree holders. The findings indicate that although social mobility was slow to change, mobility nonetheless underwent a sizable increase during the seventeenth century. The timing of the trends co...
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作者：Queens University Belfast
摘要：How do different types of investors perform during financial bubbles? Using a rich archival source, we explore investor performance during the British bicycle mania of the 1890s. We find that directors and employees of cycle companies reduced their holdings substantially during the crash. Those holding shares after the crash were generally not from groups stereotypically thought of as na & iuml;ve, but gentlemen living near a stock exchange, who had sufficient time, money, and opportunity to e...
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作者：University of Victoria
