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作者：Slaughter, MJ
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
摘要：In this article I analyze whether trade liberalization contributes to per capita income convergence across countries. The analysis focuses on four post-1945 multilateral trade liberalizations. To identify trade's effect on income dispersion, in each case I use a 'difference in differences' approach which compares the convergence pattern among the liberalizing countries before and after liberalization with the convergence pattern among control countries, chosen using a variety of methods, befor...
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作者：Xu, B
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：The effects of technical progress on relative factor prices in the two-country, two-good, two-factor Heckscher-Ohlin model are investigated. Technical progress is classified according to factor-augmenting bias, factor-using bias, and sector bias. A complete set of relations between technical progress parameters and relative factor prices, depending on the elasticities of substitution in demand and in production, are worked out. The relative importance of factor bias and sector bias of technica...
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作者：Branstetter, LG
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：In this paper, I provide new estimates of the relative impact of intranational and international knowledge spillovers on innovation and productivity at the firm level, using previously unexploited panel data from the U.S. and Japan. My estimates suggest that knowledge spillovers are primarily intranational in scope, providing empirical confirmation of an important assumption in much of the theoretical literature. The implications of this finding are discussed in the conclusion. (C) 2001 Elsevi...
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作者：Rodrik, D; van Ypersele, T
作者单位：University of Namur; University of Namur; Universite Catholique Louvain; Harvard University
摘要：Basic economic theory identifies a number of efficiency gains that derive from international capital mobility. But just as with free trade in goods, there is no guarantee that capital mobility makes everyone better off. Consequently, capital mobility may be politically unsustainable even though it enhances efficiency. This paper discusses how such a dilemma might arise, and suggests that international tax coordination might serve as a way out under some circumstances. (C) 2001 Published by Els...
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作者：Fatás, A; Mihov, I
作者单位：INSEAD Business School
摘要：This paper documents a strong negative correlation between government size and output volatility both for the OECD countries and across US states. This correlation is robust to the inclusion of a large set of controls as well as to alternative methods of detrending and estimation. In the international sample, a one percentage point increase in government spending relative to GDP reduces output volatility by eight basis points. Whereas in the US states the reduction in volatility is significant...
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作者：Feenstra, RC
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Markusen, JR
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：The policy debate between multinational firms favoring strong contract law, and host-country governments who often oppose such protection motivates the paper. Local agents (managers) learn the multinational's technology and can defect to start a rival firm. Contract enforcement, including binding the multinational itself, makes the multinational better off. Outcomes for the host country are more complex, depending on mode switches induced by enforcement. If enforcement induces the multinationa...
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作者：Zhao, LX
作者单位：Hokkaido University
摘要：This paper offers an explanation for multinationals that are both horizontally and vertically related. Specifically, when labor is unionized, the conventional incentives for merger may disappear in industries of successive (or bilateral) monopoly, due to 'double marginalization', which limits the amount of surplus that can be bargained between labor and the firms. We show that vertical integration raises both union employment and the negotiated wage, but may reduce total industry profits. As s...
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作者：van de Klundert, T; Smulders, S
作者单位：Tilburg University; Tilburg University
摘要：History shows that rich countries may lose their productivity advantage by changing to a rentier economy with large investments abroad. In our two-country two-sector model with firm-specific knowledge and perfect international capital markets, the initially most productive country is being overtaken by the initially backward country. The two countries share the same structural parameters but have different initial knowledge stocks. The larger the initial productivity gap is, the larger is the ...
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作者：Yang, GF; Maskus, KE
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We develop a dynamic general-equilibrium model of the product cycle to study the effects of stronger intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the South on the incentives of firms in the North to innovate and to License advanced technologies. Innovation and licensing are random processes requiring resources. Stronger IPRs increase the licensor's share of rents and reduce the costs of licensing contracts. Thus, the returns to both licensing and innovation would rise while additional resources woul...
