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作者：Felbermayr, Gabriel; Jung, Benjamin; Larch, Mario
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Bayreuth
摘要：This paper characterizes analytically the optimal tariff of a large one-sector economy with monopolistic competition and firm heterogeneity in general equilibrium, thereby extending the small-country results of Demidova and Rodriguez-Clare (JIE, 2009) and the homogeneous firms framework of Gros (JIE, 1987). The optimal tariff internalizes a mark-up distortion, an entry distortion, and a terms-of-trade externality. It is larger when the dispersion of firm-level productivities is higher, and the...
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作者：Mrazova, Monika; Vines, David; Zissimos, Ben
作者单位：University of Surrey; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Australian National University; University of Exeter
摘要：The GATT/WTO Article XXIV prevents a customs union (CU) from raising its common external tariff. In this paper, we compare CU formation with and without this Article XXIV constraint. We show, in a multi-country oligopoly model, that for a given CU structure, Article XXIV improves world welfare by lowering trade barriers. However, we also show that Article XXIV has a composition effect on CU formation: it affects the endogenous choice of CUs. By encouraging more symmetric CUs, Article XXIV caus...
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作者：Dutt, Pushan; Mihov, Ilian; Van Zandt, Timothy
作者单位：INSEAD Business School; INSEAD Business School
摘要：We use 6-digit bilateral trade data to document the effect of WTO/GATT membership on the extensive and intensive product margins of trade. We construct gravity equations for the two product margins motivated by Chaney (2008). The empirical results show that standard gravity variables provide good explanatory power for bilateral trade on both margins. Importantly, we show that the impact of the WTO is concentrated almost exclusively on the extensive product margin of trade, i.e. trade in goods ...
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作者：Imai, Susumu; Katayama, Hajime; Krishna, Kala
作者单位：University of Technology Sydney; Waseda University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：This paper proposes a new test of the Protection for Sale (PFS) model by Grossman and Helpman (1994). Unlike existing methods in the literature, our approach does not require any data on political organization. We use quantile and IV quantile regressions in our tests, using the data from Gawande and Bandyopadhyay (2000). Surprisingly, the results do not provide any evidence favoring the PFS model. We also explain why previous work may have found support for it. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B...
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作者：Sampson, Thomas
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper studies technology transfer when technology is embodied in human capital and learning requires on-the-job communication between managers and workers. Patterns of technology diffusion depend on where high knowledge managers work and how much time they allocate to training workers. Managers appropriate the surplus training creates and in the open economy managers face a cross-country trade-off between labor costs and the value of knowledge transfer. Complementarity between country lev...
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作者：Friedrich, Christian; Schnabel, Isabel; Zettelmeyer, Jeromin
作者单位：Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Max Planck Society; European Bank of Reconstructon & Development
摘要：Using industry-level data, this paper tries to explain why financial integration raised growth differentials between externally dependent and less dependent industries in European transition countries, but not in other developing or advanced countries in the years preceding the current crisis. We argue that political integration with countries that have stronger political and economic institutions leads to growth-enhancing foreign investments because investors expect an improvement of institut...
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作者：Ghosal, Sayantan; Thampanishvong, Kannika
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：Does improving creditor coordination by strengthening CACs lead to efficiency gains in the functioning of sovereign bond markets? We address this question in a model featuring both debtor moral hazard and creditor coordination under incomplete information. Conditional on default, we characterize the interim efficient CAC threshold and show that strengthening CACs away from unanimity results in interim welfare gains. However, once the impact of strengthening CACs on debtor's incentives is taken...
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作者：Mion, Giordano; Zhu, Linke
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：We use Belgian manufacturing firm-level data over the period 1996-2007 to analyze the impact of imports from different origins on firm employment growth, exit, and skill upgrading. For this purpose, we use both industry-level and firm-level imports by country of origin and further distinguish between firm-level offshoring of final versus intermediate goods. Results indicate that China is different from both other low-wage and OECD countries. Industry-level import competition from China reduces...
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作者：Brueckner, Markus; Gradstein, Mark
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：This paper provides instrumental variables estimates of the response of aggregate private consumption to transitory output shocks in poor countries. To identify exogenous, unanticipated, idiosyncratic and transitory variations in national output we use year-to-year variations in rainfall as an instrumental variable in a panel of 39 sub-Saharan African countries during the period 1980-2009. Our estimates yield a marginal propensity to consume out of transitory output of around 0.2. To explain t...
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作者：Baghdadi, Leila; Martinez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada; Zitouna, Habib
作者单位：Universite de Tunis; Universitat Jaume I; Universite de Carthage
摘要：This paper investigates whether RTAs with environmental provisions affect relative and absolute pollution levels. In order to do so, the determinants of carbon dioxide emissions convergence are estimated for a cross-section of 182 countries over the period 1980 to 2008. A propensity score matching approach is combined with difference-in-differences techniques to effectively isolate the effect of the Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) variable. The usual controls for scale, composition and techniqu...
