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作者：KRISTOV, L; LINDERT, P; MCCLELLAND, R
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; United States Department of Labor
摘要：The simple pressure group model of political redistribution can predict more with less restrictive assumptions. Instead of ready-made pressure groups composed of individuals who vote their pocketbooks, we posit heterogeneous agents each of whom decides which group to join and how much effort to expend on political activity. Our model then examines 'social affinity' conditions that foster pressure group formation. Political sympathies based on social affinity imply testable effects of growth ra...
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作者：BRANDTS, J; DEBARTOLOME, CAM
作者单位：New York University; Autonomous University of Barcelona
摘要：Uncertainty in the size of the working population leads to uncertainty in wages and in the return to capital, and to the possible desirability of an insurance contract between unborn workers and future retirees. However Green (1977, 1988) finds that an insurance contract is unlikely to benefit both generations. We show that a worker has two potential sources of actuarial bias: Green's result is due to workers in his model being of different types and some workers having only one source of bias...
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作者：BROWN, E; LANKFORD, H
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
摘要：We develop a model that recognizes interdependence between individuals' charitable cash donations and volunteer labor. Using survey data, we estimate giving functions jointly, allowing a binding non-negativity constraint in one giving equation to affect the form of the other. The tax price of money giving is significant in all equations, with estimated elasticities of -1.7 for money giving, -2.1 for women's time, and -1.1 for men's time. The complementarity between volunteer labor and cash don...
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作者：BERGSTROM, TC; BLUME, L; VARIAN, H
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作者：SCHOLZ, JK
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：This paper describes and estimates an empirical model that directly tests the dividend clientele hypothesis using data on individual portfolios from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances. The results provide evidence that investors are sensitive to tax rates when choosing portfolio dividend yields, and thus support a number of indirect tests that use security price data to investigate the clientele hypothesis. However, the approach taken in this paper avoids the difficulty, inherent in the indi...
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作者：VALDMANIS, V
摘要：The research presented here applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to a sample of public (government-owned) and not-for-profit hospitals operating in Michigan in 1982. The focus of this research is twofold. First, assessing the relative efficiency between these two ownership types using the DEA rather than cost or profit functions can add insights into the production practices of these two ownership forms of hospitals. Second, testing the sensitivity of the DEA will add credence to this a...
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作者：AGELL, J; LUNDBORG, P
摘要：We specify a two-sector general equilibrium model with fair wages and involuntary unemployment. In determining the fair wage, workers care not only about relative wages but also about the functional distribution of income, i.e. the wage-rental rate. With the general equilibrium cum fair wage model, we discuss the effects of tax policy and unemployment benefits on involuntary unemployment and resource allocation, and re-examine classical results on tax incidence. Among other things, we show tha...
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作者：FABELLA, RV
摘要：We show that the Pareto superiority of loan repayment in kind within a tied credit arrangement to a cash-for-cash scheme under uncertain output price depends crucially on the farmer loan demand elasticity and his risk aversion. For the risk-neutral trader, the cash-for-cash scheme is shown to be Pareto dominated by credit tying and the price premium he offers depends on farmer loan demand elasticity.
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作者：STERN, N
摘要：This paper considers problems and issues that arise when we attempt to extend the static theory of taxation and production planning to a dynamic context and to combine that theory with theories of growth. The reasons dynamic theory is less developed include problems with the analytical tractability of even those dynamic models which attempt to retain the basic structure of the static model. Furthermore, difficult and interesting issues arise in a dynamic context which are either not present or...
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作者：ROTHSTEIN, P
摘要：State grants-in-aid modify the full fiscal income and tax price for education services faced by voters in local school districts. If aid is non-linear in the local property tax rate, as occurs with District Power Equalization coupled with an aid floor, then individual budget constraints are non-linear and least squares estimation is inappropriate. We develop and estimate a model that incorporates these effects, derive and extensively illustrate the comparative statics, present global and local...
