-
作者：Bilodeau, M; Slivinski, A
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Who will do a job that nobody wants but that someone has to do? The search for a volunteer is modelled as a war of attrition in which everyone is tempted to just wait for someone else to do it. We show that the volunteer will be, ceteris paribus, the individual for whom the benefit/cost ratio of performing the public service is largest, the one most impatient to consume it, or the one who stands to benefit from it the longest.
-
作者：Johansson, P; Palme, M
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Using a linear demand function, frequently used in labour supply studies, absenteeism is modelled as an individual day-to-day decision. The parameters in the econometric model are consistently estimated, using the (time-aggregated) number of days absent in 1981 as the dependent variable for a sample of Swedish blue-collar workers (both men and women), under some assumptions on unobserved heterogeneity and serial correlation. Implications of compensating wage differentials and efficiency wage h...
-
作者：Rosati, FC
摘要：The effect of social security on fertility and saving is analyzed within a non-altruistic model of intergenerational transfers, both in the absence and in the presence of a perfect capital market. Fertility is reduced by a budget balanced increase in social security if the individuals have a high degree of risk aversion. Savings are unambiguously increased by an expansion of social security, while the effect of a deficit-financed expansion of the social security system on saving and fertility ...
-
作者：Fraser, CD
摘要：This paper examines the impact of increasing exclusion costs on the price of a shared good and establishes a simple elasticity condition which determines whether or not the price increases with the exclusion costs. We correct an error in the reasoning in Silva and Kahn's (Journal of Public Economics, 1993, 52, 217-235) paper on exclusion and moral hazard, and construct a class of examples to show that, contrary to their claim, costly exclusion of non-subscribers from the consumption of a non-r...
-
作者：Snow, A; Warren, RS
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We derive a general analytic formula for the marginal welfare cost (MWC) of public funds without imposing restrictive assumptions on preferences or technologies. The framework encompasses the various special cases previously considered, and reconciles the disparities among the reported estimates of MWC. Unresolved differences in existing estimates are fully explained by appropriate interpretations of intended though; experiments and alternative assumptions about the elasticity of labor supply ...
-
作者：Apps, PF; Rees, R
作者单位：Australian National University; University of Guelph; University of Munich
摘要：This paper demonstrates the importance, in conceptual and empirical terms, of incorporating household production in models of labour supply to avoid misleading results concerning the intra-family distribution of income and behavioural responses to economic policy.
-
作者：Cremer, H; Gahvari, F
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole
摘要：This paper incorporates tax evasion into an optimum general income tax problem with endogenous labor supply. It posits a two-group model with high- and low-wage individuals to investigate the properties of optimal audit and tax structures. The following main results are obtained. First, high-wage persons are never audited while low-wage persons are audited with a probability strictly less than one. Secondly, high-wage persons should face a zero marginal tax rate. Thirdly, low-wage individuals ...
-
作者：Heyes, AG
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：When pollutants are 'persistent' and the polluter has private information regarding the occurrence of accidental releases and the cost of clean-up, we show that the penalty regime which most effectively protects the environment will involve penalties which are less than maximal. The extent to which these penalties will be less than maximal is, interestingly, a non-monotonic function of the persistence of the hazardous substance being handled, with the highest penalties being appropriate in the...
-
作者：Madden, P
摘要：This paper studies two quasi-orderings in the context of three simple equilibrium models; a general equilibrium model with identical consumers, a model of an artisan economy, and an education model. The first quasi-ordering is induced by Suppes-Sen dominance (or first-degree stochastic dominance) amongst utility vectors of individuals, and the second evolves from generalised Lorenz dominance (second-degree stochastic dominance) similarly applied. It is shown how Pareto-efficient competitive eq...
-
作者：Kolstad, CD
摘要：This paper concerns the irreversibility effect in stock externalities. In an environment of uncertainty with learning taking place, one may wish to under-emit today to avoid potential environmental irreversibilities. Alternatively, one may wish to under-invest in pollution control capital, avoiding investments in sunk capital that turn out to be wasted. The paper develops theoretical results on the tension between these two effects and separates risk aversion from the irreversibility effect. T...
