-
作者：Heyes, AG
摘要：It is widely expected that the recent trend (in the US, EU and elsewhere) towards an increased role for private agents and agencies in the formulation and enforcement of environmental regulation will continue. If environmental regulation is to be ''privatised'' in this way it is natural to ask how far the activities of environmental groups, on whose shoulders much of the responsibility for defending the environment is likely to fall, should be subsidised or taxed. In this paper we identify the...
-
作者：Hansen, NA
摘要：We analyze the macroeconomic consequences of privatization policies in transition economies. Due to the particular market structure in those economies, strategic complementarities in restructuring of privatized firms occur, giving rise to multiple macroeconomic equilibria. Restructuring and the resulting macroeconomic outcomes crucially depend on how property rights are distributed and which method of privatization is chosen. Firm sales to single or core investors may easily lead to 'bad' equi...
-
作者：Dye, RF; McGuire, TJ
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Previous evidence on the effects of tax and expenditure limitation measures has not been conclusive. Difficulties arise in characterizing differences in fiscal institutions across states, and estimating behavior in the absence of limitation measures. A recently enacted tax limitation measure limits the growth in local property taxes in some Illinois jurisdictions, but not in others. Such differential treatment of otherwise similar jurisdictions provides a natural experiment for estimating the ...
-
作者：vanDijk, F; vanWinden, F
摘要：A model is presented in which social ties between individuals and private contributions to a local public good are interrelated. Ties are formalized by means of utility interdependence, and depend on the history of social interaction, in this case the joint provision of the public good. The resulting dynamic model generates equilibrium Values of the intensity of ties and the private provision level. The impact of public provision on these variables is analyzed. Our results are very different f...
-
作者：Nielsen, SB; Sorensen, PB
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Copenhagen
摘要：In recent years the Nordic countries have introduced a so-called dual income tax which combines a proportional tax on capital income with progressive taxation of labour income. The paper argues that this asymmetric treatment of the two types of income can be defended on pure efficiency grounds, because the progressivity of the labour income tax serves to reduce the private return to human capital investment, thereby offsetting the tendency of a proportional comprehensive income tax to discrimi...
-
作者：Biglaiser, G; Mezzetti, C
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We study the impact of elected officials' re-election concerns on their decisions on whether to undertake new projects. The value of a project to a jurisdiction depends in part on its elected official's uncertain ability at providing some public goods. Our main result is that the elected official's willingness to pay for the project differs from voters' willingness to pay. If the incumbent official expects to lose (win) the election, then she is willing to pay more (less) than the project's to...
-
作者：Connolly, LS
摘要：Nonprofit organizations receive revenues from a variety of sources. The amount of support provided by each source is often dependent on the level supplied by the other(s). Empirical evidence regarding crowding out among alternative sources of revenue in nonprofit organizations is mixed, but most studies find that an increase in funding from one of the sources tends to decrease contributions from the other(s). This paper investigates the relationship between internal and external funding of aca...
-
作者：Winter, E
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：We propose a non-cooperative bargaining approach to the problem of collective decision making in committees by modelling this process as a sequential bargaining game. The main objective of the paper is to discuss the formation of the agenda in multi-issue committees, and its relation to the importance of the issues. We start by asserting that in the case of a single issue the set of all equilibrium outcomes of our game coincides with the set of coalitional stable outcomes. We then consider mul...
-
作者：Brueckner, JK
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Historically, additions to public infrastructure necessitated by urban growth have been financed under a cost-sharing approach. In the last several decades, however, financing of growth has increasingly relied on land-use exactions, where new residents pay for the cost of incremental infrastructure. Despite the emergence of a formal growth-control literature, there has been virtually no formal analysis of the connection between infrastructure financing and urban development. To provide such an...
-
作者：Gauthier, B; Gersovitz, M
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：The administration of tax statutes materially determines their economic effects. A survey of Cameroonian businesses, a country seemingly typical of its economic level, demonstrates widespread erosion of the tax bases paid by businesses through exemptions and evasion. Businesses seem willing to provide information on these potentially confidential activities. The survey provides information on the number of businesses evading taxes or having exemptions, on the characteristics of these businesse...
