1997

最新文章

• On the ineffectiveness of tax policy in altering long-run growth: Harberger's superneutrality conjecture AI翻译
  作者：Mendoza, EG; MilesiFerretti, G; Asea, P
  作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：In 1964 Harberger conjectured that, although theory predicts that changes in tax rates affect investment and growth in the long-run, in practice tax policy is an ineffective instrument to influence growth. This paper provides theoretical and empirical evidence in favor of this view. The growth effects of tax policy in the class of endogenous growth models driven by human capital accumulation are examined, and numerical simulations of these models confirm the results Harberger predicted. Cross-...
• On the uses of club theory: Preface to the club theory symposium AI翻译
  作者：Glazer, A; Niskanen, E; Scotchmer, S
• A neglected welfare cost of monopoly - and most other product market distortions AI翻译
  作者：Browning, EK
  摘要：A neglected effect of monopoly is the distortion in the quantity of resources supplied. Monopoly not only affects the economy's output mix, it also results in factor prices that are below social marginal value products. This latter distortion is shown to be quantitatively important when other policies, such as taxes on labor earnings, also depress factor prices. Under plausible conditions, the welfare cost due to this distortion of monopoly is shown to be between five and fifteen times larger ...
• Rent assistance and housing demand AI翻译
  作者：Koning, RH; Ridder, G
  作者单位：Tinbergen Institute
  摘要：We examine the effect of a rent subsidy program, Rent Assistance, on the demand for rental housing in The Netherlands. The RA program lowers the marginal price of housing services if households consume more than a minimal amount. To estimate the effect of the program we develop a structural model of housing demand that takes account of the partial take-up of the subsidy. We estimate a reduced form that is compatible with the structural model and we test the restrictions that the structural mod...
• On the distribution of debt and taxes AI翻译
  作者：Caselli, F
  摘要：This paper studies public-debt runs under alternative assumptions on the distribution of taxes among tax bases, the distribution of debt among classes of taxpayers, and the distributive preferences of the government. Asymmetries in the distribution of taxes-arising, for example, from income-tax evasion by some categories of taxpayers-increase the likelihood of a confidence crisis on the public debt. On the other hand, perhaps surprisingly, the probability of a run followed by default is decrea...
• The effects of firm specific taxes and government mandates with an application to the US unemployment insurance program AI翻译
  作者：Anderson, PM; Meyer, BD
  作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：We examine the common, but unexamined, case of a tax or government mandate whose cost differs across firms within the same labor market. Our theoretical model shows that this variation can lead to employment reallocation across firms and dead-weight losses, even if there is no aggregate employment effect. Using firm level unemployment insurance tax data, we find that while the market level tax is mostly born by the worker, individual firms can only pass on a small share of the within market di...
• Odd versus even: comparative statics in multicommunity models AI翻译
  作者：Fernandez, R
  摘要：This paper examines the comparative statics properties of multicommunity models in which perfect sorting is not obtained because the number of types of individuals is greater than the number of communities. In general, equilibrium is inefficient and policy interventions can be Pareto improving. The paper shows that the welfare effects of a given policy depend critically on whether the number of communities is odd or even. The same policy intervention that is Pareto improving for an even number...
• Coordination of environmental policy for transboundary environmental problems? AI翻译
  作者：Hoel, M
  摘要：In order to reach a Pareto optimal outcome with transboundary environmental problems, there must be some kind of international environmental agreement. One possibility is to have an international environmental agreement focusing directly on emissions in each country. Given such an agreement, an important issue is whether one ought to supplement the agreement with some kind of policy coordination, or if the choice of environmental policies should be left to each country to decide on unilaterall...
• Fiscal competition and the pattern of public spending AI翻译
  作者：Keen, M; Marchand, M
  作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：Much attention has been given to the impact of fiscal competition on the level of public expenditure, but relatively little to the impact on its composition. Using a broadly familiar and reasonably rich model of fiscal competition in the presence of mobile capital, this paper establishes a systematic bias in public spending patterns: starting from the non-cooperative equilibrium, and holding tax rates constant, welfare would be improved by a coordinated reduction in the provision of local publ...
• Fiscal crises and aggregate demand: can high public debt reverse the effects of fiscal policy? AI翻译
  作者：Sutherland, A
  摘要：This paper shows how the power of fiscal policy to affect consumption can vary depending on the level of public debt. At moderate levels of debt fiscal policy has the traditional keynesian effects, Current generations of consumers discount future taxes because they may not be alive when taxes are raised (or there will be a larger population available to pay the taxes). But when debt reaches extreme values, current generations of consumers know there is a high probability that they will have to...