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作者：Francois, P
作者单位：Queens University - Canada
摘要：This paper provides an explanation for the continued existence of gender discrimination in competitive labour markets and analyzes the effects of policies designed to alleviate it. Unlike previous explanations of gender discrimination, this theory arises from the interaction between women and men within the household, and does not rely on inherent asymmetries between women and men. Even though discrimination is seen to be related to factors which can be thought external to the labour market, s...
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作者：Bovenberg, AL; Heijdra, BJ
作者单位：University of Amsterdam
摘要：We study the effects of environmental taxation within the context of an overlapping generations model. The quality of the environment is modelled as a durable consumption good. Introduction of the environmental tax harms old existing generations and benefits young existing generations as well as all future generations. Increasing the tax in a Pareto-improving manner is easier the higher the pre-existing tax. The reverse holds if tax policy is decided by majority rule. A suitably designed bond ...
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作者：Corneo, G; Piketty, T
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作者：Powers, ET
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of a welfare program's asset test on the saving behavior of its target population. The approach exploits a policy 'experiment'; the essential federalization of the AFDC program's asset-testing policy in 1981. Data on female-headed households from the National Longitudinal Survey-Young Women are used to test the hypothesis that likely AFDC users adjusted their asset stocks in response to this change. The findings indicate additional saving be...
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作者：Aidt, TS
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：This paper derives the characteristics of endogenous environmental policy in a common agency model of politics, and proceeds to show that competition between lobby groups is an important source of internalization of economic externalities. Our analysis generalizes Bhagwati's principle of targeting to the case of distorted political markets. Moreover, we show that the politically optimal structure of environmental taxes incorporates a Pigouvian adjustment. However, since lobby groups care about...
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作者：Asea, PK; Turnovsky, SJ
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：How do capital income taxes affect household portfolio choice and growth? We approach this question within the context of a stochastic model of a small open economy in which taxes on income from domestic capital (equity) and foreign bonds affect household portfolio choice, welfare and the growth rate of the economy. The theoretical and numerical analysis demonstrates the important role that risk plays in determining the mean and variability of growth as well as the conditions under which a hig...
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作者：Kim, J
摘要：When housing in a local jurisdiction is produced using perfectly mobile capital and land owned by non-residents, a property tax on housing results in tax exporting. This paper examines how property tax-poll subsidy policies are determined in the presence of tax exporting, and shows that the optimal property tax is the optimal tariff when residents are homogeneous, When residents have different incomes and are mobile across jurisdictions, the majority voting equilibrium property tax-poll subsid...
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作者：Alvarez, LHR; Kanniainen, V; Sodersten, J
作者单位：Uppsala University; University of Turku; University of Helsinki
摘要：The anticipatory effects of a corporate tax reform of the tax-cut cum base-broadening variety are analyzed in a dynamic stochastic adjustment model of firm behavior, focusing on the case where the firm is uncertain both about the timing and the contents of the expected reform. The value of the firm is solved prior to and after the reform. The existence of investment spurts prior to the implementation of the tax reform is established. Rigorous results are derived under constant returns and the ...
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作者：Dahlby, B
作者单位：University of Alberta
摘要：This paper describes the calculation of the social marginal cost of public funds (SMCF) for a progressive tax system which distorts individuals' labour supply decisions. A formula for the SMCF indicates that the income and substitution effects of the labour supply response are weighted by the changes in individuals' average and marginal tax rates, respectively. Other well-known formulas for the SMCF are shown to be special cases of this formula, The difference between this formula and the Mays...
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作者：Fershtman, C; Weiss, Y
作者单位：Tilburg University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：This paper examines the role of social rewards as a corrective mechanism for activities which generate externalities. The focus of this paper is on the circumstances under which social rewards provide effective and feasible incentive mechanism that may replace laws and regulations. In particular, social mechanism is effective only in a society in which individuals who care about their standing in the society can survive in the long run. We show that the nature of economic interaction between m...
