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作者：Maggs, P; Hoddinott, J
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：In developing countries, common property resources (CPRs) can be an important source of income for certain individuals within households. This paper demonstrates that if changes in the management of CPRs impose fixed costs on them, or cause a decline in the prices of goads produced from it, the intrahousehold allocation of resources may alter in a manner detrimental to those individuals. The paper also shows that the assumption of a unitary household model causes the detrimental effects of cer...
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作者：Plug, EJS; van Praag, BMS; Hartog, J
作者单位：Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam
摘要：The suggestion to tax people on earnings capacity instead of earnings has been around for a long time and is attractive in terms of economic efficiency. In this paper we reflect on the feasibility of such a system and give an exploratory empirical implementation. We apply the Leyden Welfare Function of Income, a survey based measure of an individual's welfare associated with income, to derive implications for ability taxation. Under the assumption that IQ and schooling reflect earnings capacit...
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作者：Currie, J; Thomas, D
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; RAND Corporation; Rand Health
摘要：Poor educational attainment is a persistent problem among US hispanic children, relative to non-hispanics. Many of these children are immigrants and/or come from households that use a minority language in the home. This paper examines the effects of participation ina government sponsored preschool program called Head Start on these children. We find that large and significant benefits accrue to Head Start children when we compare them to siblings who did not participate in the program. On aver...
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作者：Kneller, R; Bleaney, MF; Gemmell, N
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：Is the evidence consistent with the predictions of endogenous growth models that the structure of taxation and public expenditure can affect the steady-state growth rate? Much previous research needs to be re-evaluated because it ignores the biases associated with incomplete specification of the government budget constraint. We show these biases to be substantial and, correcting for them, find strong support for the Barro model (1990, Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth....
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作者：Besley, T; Hall, J; Preston, I
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：In spite of government dominance in financing health care in many countries, the private health care sector remains important. This is true even though most public provision is heavily subsidized, and in many cases free, at source. Britain's National Health Service fails to drive out the private sector because it suffers from certain inflexibilities. Here, we show that longer waiting lists for NHS treatment are associated with greater purchases of private health insurance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Sc...
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作者：Dee, TS
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：This empirical study evaluates the policy responsiveness of teen drinking in models that can condition on the unobserved state-specific attributes that may have biased conventional evaluations. The results demonstrate that cross-state heterogeneity can be important and that beer taxes have relatively small and statistically insignificant effects on teen drinking. Models of youth traffic fatalities also indicate that the conventional beer tax elasticities are not robust to additional controls f...
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作者：Hamermesh, DS; Scoones, WD
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Victoria
摘要：In many federal systems a higher authority imposes changes that may alter lower-level policies, depending on the type of change and differences among lower-level parties. For example, we model changes in the parameters of American states' unemployment insurance (UI) systems when the federal government raises the UI tax ceiling. Bargaining among interested parties alters UI benefits and taxes. We estimate a 'difference-in-differences' model describing UI tax payments when federal increases in 1...
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作者：Friedberg, L
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Researchers have devoted considerable attention to analyzing the impact of Social Security on retirement, with mixed findings. However, the means-tested program Old Age Assistance (OAA) dwarfed Social Security until the 1950s and coincided with the early decline in elderly labor force participation. Also, OAA benefits were determined by the stares - a key source of policy variation. I estimate the relationship between OAA benefits and elderly participation using individual data from the 1940 a...
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作者：Naito, H
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Syracuse University
摘要：This paper shows that the result of uniform commodity tax under nonlinear income taxation by Atkinson and Stiglitz (1976) no longer holds if the production side of an economy is taken into the consideration. In particular, imposing a non-uniform commodity tax can Pareto-improve welfare even under nonlinear income taxation. In addition, the paper shows that if the government uses a nonlinear income tax system for income redistribution, then the introduction of distortions in the public sector c...
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作者：Ockenfels, A; Weimann, J
作者单位：Otto von Guericke University
摘要：In a study of public good and solidarity experiments conducted in eastern and western Germany, we found in both games that eastern subjects behave in a significantly more selfish manner than do western subjects. Besides that we found that many qualitative results of both data sets are similar. Since our experiments were conducted in two parts of one nation, we present an unusually well controlled cross-cultural study by avoiding difficulties that usually arise in multinational settings. We con...
