-
作者：Apps, P; Rees, R
作者单位：University of Munich; Australian National University; University of Sydney
摘要：Tax reform proposals affect individual welfares in ways which strongly depend on the nature of specialisation in household production and the pattern of trade within households. Variation in the degree of specialisation in domestic production across households strongly influences the impacts on individual tax burdens of a given tax reform. The standard models of the economics literature cannot be used to analyse these issues because they ignore the two-person nature of households and the exist...
-
作者：Graham, JR
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：The traditional view is that interest deductibility encourages firms to use debt financing; however, some argue that the personal tax disadvantage to interest offsets the corporate tax advantage. This paper investigates the degree to which personal taxes affect corporate financing decisions. In cross-sectional regressions that control for personal taxes, debt usage is positively correlated with tax rates in each year 1980-1994, with significant coefficients in almost every year. A specificatio...
-
作者：Dhillon, A; Perroni, C; Scharf, KA
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper investigates whether tax competition can survive under tax coordination, when information is private or nonverifiable. We focus on a two-jurisdiction model where capital can move across borders, and where jurisdictions have different public good requirements, but are otherwise identical. In this setting, coordination may call for a second-best allocation supported by differentiated tax rates. If,however, coordination must be achieved via a set of common rules that condition tax rate...
-
作者：Berry, ST; Waldfogel, J
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：Because broadcasters can capture only part of the value of their product as revenue, there is the potential for a classic problem of underprovision. Whether public support corrects a marker failure depends on whether the market would have provided similar services in the absence of public broadcasting. We address these questions by asking whether public and commercial classical stations compete for Listening share and revenue as well as whether public stations crowd out commercial stations. We...
-
作者：Hamilton, SF
作者单位：Kansas State University
摘要：This paper presents a methodological approach for the analysis of tax incidence that encompasses familiar forms of taxation in a general and analytically convenient model. In oligopolistic industries, the performance of a tax depends on the sensitivity of the unit tax rate to changes in industry output. Output-elastic tax schedules are less Likely to be over-shifted and have superior welfare properties relative to regulatory instruments that are less responsive to the equilibrium market quanti...
-
作者：Dickert-Conlin, S
作者单位：Syracuse University
摘要：The transfer system typically has large marriage disincentives, while the income tax system is likely to subsidize marriage for many low-income families. In other words, the tax system may offset an increase in transfer benefits associated with marital separation. The interaction of the transfer system with the income tax system has largely been overlooked. The income tax system has become more relevant for low-income families with the recent expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, which fi...
-
作者：Carter, TJ
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
摘要：This comment shows that some of Pisauro's (Journal of Public Economics, 1991, 46, 329-345) reported results hold only if the unemployment rate exceeds 50%. If it does not, specific labor taxes reduce wages. Also, output falls when employment rises, all else equal, and minimum wage laws raise output. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Baker, M; Payne, AA; Smart, M
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Funding mechanisms for social expenditures are currently being reformed in many countries. While the theoretical implications of these changes are often easily identified, their empirical magnitude is not always as clear. For example, in federal systems social expenditure is often funded by matching grants, and estimates of the effect of varying matching rates on expenditures by sub-national governments vary widely. The ambiguity is due in part to inherent difficulties identifying price and in...
-
作者：Kaganovich, M; Zilcha, I
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We study the role of government's allocation of tax revenues between two outlays: public investment in education (a transfer to the young generation) and social security benefits to the older generation. In an overlapping generations economy with pay-as-you-go social security and altruistically motivated transfers from parents to children, we analyze how the allocation of the tax revenues between the two outlays affects growth and welfare in competitive equilibria: (a) we obtain comparative dy...
-
作者：Quadrini, V
作者单位：Duke University; Duke University
摘要：This paper develops an endogenous growth model with redistributive taxation in which the growth rate of the economy affects the agents' preferences over redistributive policies, and therefore, the equilibrium level of taxation. The main mechanism through which the growth rate affects policy preferences is by changing the ability of the agents to learn their positions in the future distribution of incomes. The main result of the paper is that during periods of growth, the society opts for less ...
