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作者：Lockwood, B
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：This paper analyses the impact of changes in product market competition on the marginal cost of public funds (MCPF) and public goods supply when distortionary commodity taxes are used to raise revenue. First, less competition (measured by a switch from Bertrand to Cournot conduct, or a decrease in the elasticity of demand) does not necessarily raise the MPCF. Second, even if it does, optimal public good supply does not necessarily fall. The paper also presents a method for modelling Bertrand a...
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作者：Le Breton, M; Salanie, F
作者单位：Aix-Marseille Universite; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; INRAE
摘要：This paper considers a model of lobbying described as a common agency game; it departs from the current literature by assuming that the special interest groups are not a priori organized or unorganized and that the type of the politician is not common knowledge. We characterize equilibria when the choice set of the politician consists of two policies; we discuss the conditions leading to efficiency and the characteristics of the groups explaining their relative success in the process of influe...
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作者：Cremer, H; Laffont, JJ
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse
摘要：We examine the optimal allocation of excludable public goods with a private access cost that some consumers may not be able to afford. The full-information benchmark is presented first. Then, individuals' access costs and income levels are private information. When high income consumers have low access cost, asymmetric information increases the cost of subsidizing the poor for accessing the public good, and inequality increases. When the low access cost consumers have the lower income, subsidi...
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作者：Zhao, JH
作者单位：Iowa State University
摘要：A major concern with tradable emission permits is that stochastic permit prices may reduce a firm's incentive to invest in abatement capital or technologies relative to other policies such as a fixed emissions charge. However, under efficient permit trading, the permit price uncertainty is caused by abatement cost uncertainties which affect investment under both permit and charge policies. We develop a rational expectations general equilibrium model of permit trading and irreversible abatement...
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作者：Bucovetsky, S
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：It has often been noted that the brain drain may be abetted by highly progressive tax systems in the regions which are likely sources for emigration by those with the most income-earning potential. This paper presents the case in favour of such policies. The underlying assumption here is that there are productivity differences between regions, and that emigration of the most skilled workers from less productive regions increases the overall value of national output. The problem lies in sharing...
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作者：Hamilton, SF; Sunding, DL; Zilberman, D
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Arizona
摘要：The paper examines preferences for product quality regulations. Our premise is that preferences for product quality regulations derive from preferences for both private and public goods. The model is used to explain public attitudes toward a referendum measure to eliminate pesticide residues on food. Results from a survey of consumers are consistent with the conceptual model and show that preferences for public goods influence support for the product quality regulation. The results help explai...
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作者：Bacchetta, P; Gordon, R
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作者：Metcalf, GE
作者单位：Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I note an important distinction between the optimal price of environmental quality in a second-best world and the optimal level of environmental quality. Using an analytical general equilibrium model, I show that for reasonable parameter values, an increase in tax distortions (arising from an increase in required tax revenues) leads to a fall in the optimal Pigouvian tax rate even while environmental quality improves. In general, knowledge of the direction of changes in optimal environmental t...
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作者：Feld, LP; Kirchgässner, G
作者单位：University of St Gallen
摘要：The impact of corporate income taxes on location decisions of firms is widely debated in the tax competition literature. Tax rate differences across jurisdictions may lead to distortions of firms' investment decisions. Empirical evidence on tax-induced relocation and subsequent economic development in the US and Europe is still inconclusive. Much the same applies to Switzerland. While there is some evidence on personal income tax competition between Swiss cantons, evidence on the impact of int...
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作者：de Figueiredo, RJP Jr
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Forty-three of the fifty states of the United States have granted item veto authority to their governors as part of state constitutions. In this paper, I test explanations of why and when a legislature would cede institutional power. Using data from 1865 to 1994, 1 show that these measures are most likely proposed by fiscal conservatives who fear the loss of power in the future; in order to protect their interests for those periods when they will be in the minority, they implement institutions...
