-
作者：Burbidge, J; Cuff, K; Leach, J
作者单位：McMaster University; University of Waterloo
摘要：A model of tax competition in which firms earn rents is described. The size of these rents, coupled with the degree to which the firms are foreign-owned, determine the equilibrium tax rates. The existence of rents significantly alters some generally accepted results involving the possibility of a Pareto-improving common tax rate and the underprovision of publicly provided goods. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：De Fraja, G; Landeras, P
作者单位：University of Leicester; Universidad de Cantabria
摘要：This paper studies the effects of incentive mechanisms and of the competitive environment on the interaction between schools and students, in a set-up where the students' educational attainment depends on their peer group, on their effort, and on the quality of the school's teaching. We show that increasing the power of the incentive scheme and the effectiveness of competition may have the counterintuitive effect of lowering the students' effort. In a simple dynamic set-tip, where the reputati...
-
作者：Lockwood, B; Makris, M
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; University of Exeter; University of Bristol; Athens University of Economics & Business
摘要：We re-examine, from a political economy perspective, the standard view that higher capital mobility results in lower capital taxes - a view, in fact, that is not confirmed by the available empirical evidence. We show that when a small economy is opened to capital mobility, the change of incidence of a tax on capital-from capital owners to owners of the immobile factor-may interact in such a way with political decision-making so as to cause a rise in the equilibrium tax. This can happen whether...
-
作者：Reed, WR
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：I estimate the influence of political parties on state Tax Burdens over a 40-year period (19602000). Holding constant a large number of state and voter characteristic variables, I find that: (i) Tax Burdens are higher when Democrats control the state legislature compared to when Republicans are in control. (ii) The political party of the governor has little effect after controlling for partisan influences in the state legislature. I explain how both findings are consistent with median voter th...
-
作者：Chetty, Raj; Looney, Adam
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Studies of risk in developing economies have focused on consumption fluctuations as a measure of the value of insurance. A common view in the literature is that the welfare costs of risk and benefits of social insurance are small if income shocks do not cause large consumption fluctuations. We present a simple model showing that this conclusion is incorrect if the consumption path is smooth because individuals are highly risk averse. Hence, social safety nets could be valuable in low-income ec...
-
作者：Di Tella, Rafael; MacCulloch, Robert
作者单位：Harvard University; Imperial College London
摘要：We show how the differences in US and European institutions can arise in a normative model. The paper focuses on the labor market and the government's decision to set unemployment benefits in response to an unemployment shock. The government balances insurance considerations with the tax burden of benefits and the possibility that they introduce adverse incentive effects whereby benefits increase unemployment. It is found that when an adverse shock occurs, benefits should be increased most whe...
-
作者：Boadway, Robin; Gahvari, Firouz
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Queens University - Canada
摘要：This paper studies the optimal commodity taxation problem when time taken in consumption is a perfect substitute for either labor or leisure. It shows that while labor substitutability affects the optimal tax structure, leisure substitutability leaves the classical optimal tax results intact. In the Ramsey tax framework with linear income taxes, whether the consumers have the same or different earning abilities, labor substitutes tend to be taxed at a higher rate than leisure substitutes with ...
-
作者：Raimondos-Moller, Pascalis; Woodland, Alan D.
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Sydney
摘要：This paper introduces an index of tax optimality that measures the distance of some current tax structure from the optimal tax structure in the presence of public goods. This index is defined on the [0, 1] interval and measures the proportion of the optimal tax rates that will achieve the same welfare outcome as some arbitrarily given initial tax structure. We call this number the Tax Optimality Index. We also show how the basic methodology can be altered to derive a revenue equivalent uniform...
-
作者：Stinebrickner, Ralph; Stinebrickner, Todd R.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Previous papers which examine the importance of peer effects using exogenous variation in college roommates have found only very limited evidence that a student's first year grade performance is influenced by the observable academic characteristics of his/her roommate. One possible explanation for this finding is that peer effects do not play a particularly important role in the higher education setting. However, another very plausible explanation for this finding is that peer effects are impo...
-
作者：Anesi, V
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole
摘要：Although tax earmarking constitutes a voluntary constraint for government's policymaking, it is widely used in the real world. This paper investigates the electoral dimension of earmarking in a model of political competition with ideological parties. Its main contribution is to derive new insights on the relationship between earmarking and parties' probability of winning the elections. We find that the electoral pressure may favor the existence of tax-earmarking equilibria, but that it sometim...
