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作者：Imrohoroglu, Selahattin; Kitao, Sagiri
作者单位：University of Southern California
摘要：Previous literature on social security reform has used a variety of period utility functions and calibrated values for the intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) in labor. In this paper, we show that the effects of social security reforms on aggregate labor supply are invariant to plausible values of the IES, but the effect of such reforms on the profile of hours over the life-cycle is highly sensitive to the IES. We first establish these results analytically in a simple partial-equili...
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作者：Pekkarinen, Tuomas; Uusitalo, Roope; Kerr, Sari
作者单位：Aalto University
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of a major education reform on intergenerational income mobility. The Finnish comprehensive school reform of 1972-1977 replaced the old two-track school system with a uniform nine-year comprehensive school and shifted the selection of students to vocational and academic tracks from age 11 to age 16. We estimate the effect of this reform on the intergenerational income elasticity using a representative sample of males born between 1960 and 1966. The identificatio...
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作者：Mesnard, Alice; Seabright, Paul
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper explores the implications for public policy of the fact that individuals have incomplete but private information about their exposure to infectious disease when they make migration decisions. In a 2-period model we study conditions under which the presence of quarantine measures may lead to inefficient outcomes by strengthening individuals' interest in migration to escape centres of disease and thereby imposing negative externalities on other uninfected individuals. We show first th...
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作者：Keane, Michael P.; Roemer, John E.
作者单位：University of Technology Sydney; Yale University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：The inter-generational correlation of education in the U.S. is tremendous. For instance, in PSID data from 1990, young males with college-educated parents had a 70% chance of attending college. But those with high school drop-out parents had only a 15% chance. In this paper, we analyze the impact of college attendance bonus schemes designed to increase college attendance rates (and PV of lifetime income) Of Youth from disadvantaged backgrounds. Of course, policies that increase the supply of s...
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作者：Roine, Jesper; Vlachos, Jonas; Waldenstrom, Daniel
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：This paper studies determinants of income inequality using a newly assembled panel of 16 countries over the entire twentieth century. We focus on three groups of income earners: the rich (P99-100), the upper middle class (P90-99), and the rest of the population (P0-90). The results show that periods of high economic growth disproportionately increases the top percentile income share at the expense of the rest of the top decile. Financial development is also pro-rich and the outbreak of banking...
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作者：Esposito, Ludo; Lambert, Peter
作者单位：University of East Anglia; University of Oregon
摘要：Current poverty measurement methodology does not allow a definitive analysis of changes in distribution, through time or between countries, which involve changes in the number or proportion of poor people. By revisiting the continuity and transfer axioms, we show that within the Bourguignon and Fields (1997) class of poverty indices a range of value judgements can be accommodated as to what happens (or should happen) in the case that poverty-line crossings result from regressive transfers. In ...
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作者：Khwaja, Asim Ijaz
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：The lack of social capital is frequently given as an explanation for why communities perform poorly. Yet to what extent can project design compensate for these community-specific constraints? I address this question by examining determinants of collective success in a costly problem for developing economies - the upkeep of local public goods. It is often difficult to obtain reliable outcome measures for comparable collective tasks across well-defined communities. In order to address this I con...
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作者：Gordon, Roger; Li, Wei
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Virginia
摘要：Tax policies seen in developing countries are puzzling on many dimensions, given the sharp contrast between these policies and both those seen in developed countries and those forecast in the optimal tax literature. In this paper, we explore how forecasted policies change if firms can Successfully evade taxes by conducting all business in cash, thereby avoiding any use of the financial sector. The forecasted policies are now much closer to those observed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights rese...
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作者：Cotton, Christopher
作者单位：University of Miami
摘要：This paper develops a model of political contributions in which a politician can either sell policy favors, or sell access. Access allows interest groups to share hard information with the politician in support of their preferred policy. Here selling access maximizes policy utility, while selling policy favors maximizes total contributions. Imposing a binding contribution limit makes it more likely that the politician sells access, which can improve expected constituent welfare. However, a con...
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作者：Olken, Benjamin A.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the accuracy of corruption perceptions by comparing Indonesian villagers' reported perceptions about corruption in a road-building project in their village with a more objective measure of 'missing expenditures' in the project. I find that villagers' reported perceptions do contain real information, and that villagers are sophisticated enough to distinguish between corruption in a particular road project and general corruption in the village. The magnitude of the reported i...
