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作者：Poutvaara, Panu; Priks, Mikael
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Helsinki; Copenhagen Business School; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper isolates the causal effect of policing on group violence, using unique panel data on self-reported crime by soccer and ice hockey hooligans. The problem of reverse causality from violence to policing is solved by two drastic reallocations of the Stockholm Sport Intelligence and Tactical Unit to other activities following the 9/11 terrorist attack in September 2001 and the Tsunami catastrophe in December 2004. Difference-in-difference analysis reveals that Stockholm-related hooligan ...
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作者：Svaleryd, Helena; Vlachos, Jonas
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Stockholm University
摘要：A fundamental problem in all political systems is that the people in power may extract rents to the detriment of the general public, In a democracy, electoral competition and information provided by the media may keep such rent extraction at bay. We develop a simple model where rents are decreasing in the degree of political competition and voter information. in line with our theoretical predictions, we find that both increased political competition and increased local media coverage substanti...
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作者：Juarez, Laura
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：To examine whether private support dampens or reinforces the impact of redistributive policies, this paper estimates the effect of an exogenous increase in the income of the elderly, caused by a recent demogrant in Mexico, oil the amount of private transfers they receive. My instrumental variables strategy overcomes the endogeneity of income that typically contaminates estimates and, unlike related Studies that use natural or policy experiments in reduced-form estimations,, it yields evidence ...
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作者：Chen, Shaohua; Mu, Ren; Ravallion, Martin
作者单位：The World Bank; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Bush School of Government & Public Service
摘要：The paper re-visits the site of a large, World Bank-financed, rural development program in China, 10 years after it began and four years after disbursements ended. The program emphasized community participation in multi-sectoral interventions (including farming, animal husbandry, infrastructure and social services). Data were collected on 2000 households in project and non-project areas, spanning 10 years. A double-difference estimator of the program's impact (on top of pre-existing government...
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作者：Heijdra, Ben J.; Romp, Ward E.
作者单位：University of Groningen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We study the effects of demographic shocks and changes in the pension system on the Macroeconomic performance of an advanced small open economy facing a given world interest rate. We construct an overlapping-generations model which includes a realistic description of The mortality process. Individual agents choose their optimal retirement age, taking into account the time- and age profiles of wages, taxes, and the public pension system. The early retirement provision in most pension systems ac...
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作者：Basu, Arnab K.; Chau, Nancy H.; Kanbur, Ravi
作者单位：Cornell University; William & Mary; University of Bonn
摘要：Both raw intuition and past experience suggest that the Success of an employment guarantee scheme (EGS) in safeguarding the welfare of the poor depends both on the wage it promises, and the Case With which any worker can gain access. An EGS is thus at once a wage guarantee and a rationing device. We chart the positive and normative limits of such air EGS as an efficiency improving and poverty alleviating policy reform in a canonical labor market setting At its core. an EGS Provides in aggregat...
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作者：Ishida, Junichiro; Matsushima, Noriaki
作者单位：Kobe University; University of Osaka
摘要：Should civil servants (employees in the public sector) be allowed to bargain collectively? TO answer this question, we construct a model of unionized mixed duopoly and examine the regulatory framework of public institutions, especially focusing on a wage regulation imposed on the public firm. The wage regulation turns out to yield critical welfare implications as it gives rise to two opposing Strategic effects: the wage regulation intensifies downstream-market competition while it loosens upst...
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作者：Yew, Siew Ling; Zhang, Jie
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of Queensland
摘要：In this paper we investigate the optimal scale of pay-as-you-go social security in a dynastic family model with human capital externalities, fertility and endogenous growth. Human capital externalities reduce the return to human capital investment and hence lead to under-investment in human capital and over-reproduction of the population. If the taste for the number of children is sufficiently weak relative to the taste for the welfare of children, social security can be welfare enhancing by r...
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作者：Gerber, Anke; Wichardt, Philipp C.
作者单位：University of Hamburg; University of Bonn
摘要：This paper proposes a simple two-stage mechanism to establish positive contributions to public goods in the absence of powerful institutions to provide the public good and to sanction free-riders. in this mechanism players commit to the public good by paying a deposit prior to the contribution stage. If there is universal commitment, deposits are immediately refunded whenever a player contributes her specified share to the public good. If there is no universal commitment, all deposits are refu...
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作者：Luechinger, Simon; Raschky, Paul A.
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Innsbruck
摘要：This paper argues that life satisfaction data can be used to value natural disasters. We discuss the strengths of this approach, compare it to traditional methods and apply it to estimate and monetize utility losses Caused by floods in 16 European Countries between 1973 and 1998. Using combined cross-section and time-series data, we find a negative impact of floods on life satisfaction that is sizeable, robust and significant. The estimates are comparable to price discounts found in housing ma...
