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作者：Thoron, Sylvie; Sol, Emmanuel; Willinger, Marc
作者单位：Universite de Toulon; Institut Agro; Montpellier SupAgro; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Montpellier
摘要：We investigate experimentally whether binding agreements can provide a solution to the social dilemma that arises in the presence of pure public goods. Signing a binding agreement can prevent players from free riding on the contributions to the public good. However, a well known theoretical result is that the outcome of the endogenous formation of agreements is not necessarily efficient. Our setting is a bargaining game in which agreements form sequentially. The individual level of contributio...
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作者：Bellows, John; Miguel, Edward
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study the brutal 1991-2002 Sierra Leone civil war using nationally representative household data on conflict experiences, postwar economic outcomes, local politics and collective action. Individuals whose households directly experienced more intense war violence are robustly more likely to attend community meetings, more likely to join local political and community groups, and more likely to vote. Tests using prewar controls and alternative samples suggest that selection into victimization ...
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作者：Brandts, Jordi; Riedl, Arno; van Winden, Frans
作者单位：Maastricht University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); Autonomous University of Barcelona; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：This paper experimentally studies the effects of competitive rivalry in a social dilemma where people's actions cannot be contractually fixed. We find that, in comparison with no rivalry, the presence of rivalry does neither increase efficiency nor does it yield any gains in earnings for the short side of the exchange relation. Moreover, rivalry has a clearly negative impact on the disposition towards others and on the experienced well-being of those on the long side. Since subjective well-bei...
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作者：Hanushek, Eric A.; Kain, John F.; Rivkin, Steven G.
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Amherst College; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Gould, Eric D.; Stecklov, Guy
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper argues that terrorism, beyond its immediate impact on innocent victims, also raises the costs of crime, and therefore, imposes a negative externality on potential criminals. Terrorism raises the costs of crime through two channels: (i) by increasing the presence and activity of the police force, and (ii) causing more people to stay at home rather than going out for leisure activities. Our analysis exploits a panel of 120 fatal terror attacks and all reported crimes for 17 districts ...
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作者：Liebman, Jeffrey B.; Luttmer, Erzo F. P.; Seif, David G.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：A key question for Social Security reform is whether workers respond to the link on the margin between the Social Security taxes they pay and the Social Security benefits they will receive. We estimate the effects of the marginal Social Security benefits that accrue with additional earnings on three measures of labor supply: retirement age, hours, and labor earnings. We develop a new approach to identifying these incentive effects by exploiting five provisions in the Social Security benefit ru...
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作者：Baland, Jean-Marie; Duprez, Cedric
作者单位：University of Namur
摘要：In this paper, we investigate the impact of introducing a label certifying the absence of child labor in the export production of the South. When most eligible producers in the South can obtain the label, its impact is considerably reduced by a displacement effect whereby adult workers replace children in the export sector while children replace adults in the domestic sector. The label is then unable to create a price differential in the South between goods produced under the label and those p...
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作者：Mastrobuoni, Giovanni
摘要：In response to a crisis in Social Security financing two decades ago Congress implemented an increase in the Normal Retirement Age (NRA) of 2 months per year for cohorts born in 1938 and after. These cohorts began reaching retirement age in 2000. This paper studies the effects of these benefit cuts on recent retirement behavior. The evidence suggests that the mean retirement age of the affected cohorts has increased by about half as much as the increase in the NRA. If older workers continue to...
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作者：Slemrod, Joel; Wilson, John D.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Michigan State University
摘要：We develop a tax competition framework in which some jurisdictions, called tax havens, are parasitic on the revenues of other countries, and these countries use resources in an attempt to limit the transfer of tax revenue from capital taxation to the havens. We demonstrate that the full or partial elimination of tax havens would improve welfare in non-haven countries. We also demonstrate that the smaller countries choose to become tax havens, and we show that the abolition of a sufficiently sm...
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作者：Lefranc, Arnaud; Pistolesi, Nicolas; Trannoy, Alain
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; European University Institute
摘要：We offer a model of equality of opportunity that encompasses different conceptions expressed in the public and philosophical debates. In addition to circumstances whose effect on outcome should be compensated and effort which represents a legitimate Source of inequality, we introduce a third factor, luck, that captures the random factors whose impact on Outcome should be even-handed for equality of opportunity to be satisfied. Then, we analyze how the various definitions of equality of opportu...
