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作者：Kreider, B
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：This article provides new evidence about the impact of Social Security Disability Insurance on male labor force participation decisions based on estimates from a structural model of applications, awards, and state-contingent lifetime income flows. The lifetime framework makes it possible to consider long-term opportunity costs associated with early labor force withdrawal and the disincentive to applications resulting from the statutory waiting period before benefits may be received. Estimation...
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作者：Baker, M; Benjamin, D
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the (sequential) introduction of early retirement provisions to Canada's two public pension plans. These reforms provide a unique opportunity to assess the effect of public pension plan parameters on labor supply behavior, free of the biases that potentially affect the simple time-series or cross-section inference presented in many previous studies. We find that the reforms led to an increase in pension receipt but had little immediate effect on labor market behavior. This is due to...
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作者：Kuhn, P; Sweetman, A
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; McMaster University; University of Victoria
摘要：In contrast to nonunion workers, reemployment wages of workers displaced from unionized jobs decline with tenure on the lost job. This finding cannot easily be explained by firm- or industry-specific human capital accumulation, deferred-pay policies, standard matching models, or a correlation between tenure and reentry rates into unionized jobs. Possible explanations include negative selection of senior union workers and a negative causal effect of unionism on workers' alternative skills. Desp...
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作者：Neumark, D; Polsky, D; Hansen, D
作者单位：Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We update the evidence on changes in job stability through the mid-1990s, using recently released Current Population Survey data for 1995 that parallel earlier job tenure supplements. In the aggregate, job stability declined modestly in the first half of the 1990s. Moreover, the relatively small aggregate changes mask rather sharp declines in stability for workers with more than a few years of tenure. Nonetheless, the data available to this point do not support the conclusion that the downward...
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作者：Schmidt, SR
作者单位：Urban Institute
摘要：In recent years, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, former U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich, and many journalists have argued that workers are more anxious about losing their jobs than they were in the past. I use the 1977-96 General Social Survey to document trends in workers' beliefs about their own job security. During the 1990s, workers have been more pessimistic about losing their jobs in the next 12 months than workers were during the 1980s. Workers have also been more concerne...
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作者：Wanner, E
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作者：Borjas, GJ
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article investigates if the location choices made by immigrants when they arrive in the United States are influenced by the interstate dispersion in welfare benefits. Income-maximizing behavior implies that foreign-born welfare recipients, unlike their native-born counterparts, may be clustered in the states that offer the highest benefits. The empirical analysis indicates that immigrant welfare recipients are indeed more heavily clustered in high-benefit states than the immigrants who do...
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作者：Valletta, RG
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：This article defines and analyzes job security in the context of implicit contracts designed to overcome incentive problems in the employment relationship. Contracts of this nature generate predictions concerning the relationship between job security parameters-such as worker seniority and sectoral economic conditions - and the probability of separations. To test these predictions, I estimate binomial and multinomial models of job separations using Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data fo...
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作者：Anderson, PM; Gustman, AL; Steinmeier, TL
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University
摘要：This article estimates the effects of changes in pension plans and social security in the 1970s and 1980s on the steady state retirement of men. Work incentives associated with pension coverage and plan characteristics are calculated primarily from the 1969-79 Retirement History Study and the 1983 and 1989 Surveys of Consumer Finances. Simulations with a structural retirement model suggest that the long-run effects of changes in pension plans and social security account for about a quarter of ...
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作者：Dickinson, DL
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University
摘要：Estimated negative substitution effects on work hours question the empirical validity of the classical labor supply model. Estimates are reconciled by allowing a dual choice of hours and effort for piece-rate workers. In such a model, these negative substitution effects result from substituting on- and off-the-job leisure. We test our model using controlled experimentation on human subjects. These experiments, while not naturally occurring environments, represent real economic choices and can ...
