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作者：Budd, JW; Na, IG
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Using Current Population Survey data for 1983-93, this article analyzes whether there is a union membership wage premium among full-time, private sector employees covered by union contracts. Ordinary least squares estimates of the membership wage premium are 12%-14%, and allowing membership to be endogenous yields larger estimates. Differences in job tenure, unobservable characteristics, and measurement error cannot fully explain the estimated premium. Significant differences in this premium, ...
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作者：Friedberg, RM
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The national origin of an individual's human capital is a crucial determinant of its value. Education and labor market experience acquired abroad are significantly less valued than human capital obtained domestically. This difference can fully explain the earnings disadvantage of immigrants relative to comparable natives in Israel. Variation in the return to foreign schooling across origin countries may reflect differences in its quality and compatibility with the host labor market. The return...
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作者：Belzil, C
作者单位：Concordia University - Canada
摘要：Using Danish firm (workplace) data on employment reallocation merged with individual records, the effects of job creation/destruction and worker reallocation on wages are estimated using fixed effects techniques. After controlling for business cycle fluctuations, job creation is found to increase male wages. The effect of net job creation seems present at all phases of the business cycle. Entry wages as well as wages of low tenure workers appear much more sensitive to idiosyncratic job creatio...
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作者：Mehta, SR
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：A general equilibrium model of a dual economy is constructed with workers and managers and hierarchical production. Ability is continuous, and there is perfect competition in the product market. Higher quality of education is treated as a form of technical progress. An equilibrium wage profile is derived. Different kinds of technical and productivity changes yield different gainers and losers. Declines in the quality of education generally lead to an increase in inequality. Surprisingly, group...
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作者：Olsen, TE; Torsvik, G
作者单位：University of Bergen
摘要：We analyze the link between workers' discretion and incentives in an organization that lasts for several periods. In a long-lasting affiliation, it is possible for the principal to learn and update her beliefs about essential characteristics associated with either the job or the agent. This learning possibility has an important effect on the link between workers' discretion and incentives.
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作者：Oyer, P
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Sales quotas are a fixture of sales compensation plans and are often associated with a significant discrete bonus. This article shows that, under certain assumptions about salesperson utility and the distribution of sales outcomes, the optimal compensation is a discrete bonus for meeting a sales quota. The results are similar when the assumption of agent risk neutrality is relaxed. The model has implications for many moral hazard problems where the agent has a liability limitation and job-spec...
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作者：Bac, M
作者单位：Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：Employment relationships are governed by short-term incomplete contracts and typically involve on-the-job screening and firm-specific training. This article studies a dynamic employment relationship with these features and identifies a potential conflict between the employer's twin objectives to screen and train the worker: when the training technology is quite productive, the employer may have to sacrifice from worker performance during the screening process. The article thus offers an explan...
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作者：Lindbeck, A; Snower, DJ
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of London; Birkbeck University London
摘要：This article analyzes an important aspect of the contemporary reorganization of work within firms: the shift from Tayloristic organization (characterized by specialization by tasks) to holistic organization (featuring job rotation, integration of tasks, and learning across tasks). We examine four driving forces behind this restructuring process: advances in production technologies promoting technological task complementarities, advances in information technologies promoting informational task ...
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作者：Cater, BI
作者单位：Trent University
摘要：This article offers an explanation of the postinjury employment, wage, and accommodation patterns of permanently impaired workers. In particular, it argues that the observed tendency of time-of-accident employers to rehire at the preinjury wage, accommodate, and then, perhaps, quickly terminate the impaired worker, is a manifestation of the worker's preferred contract. That contract is characterized by wage inflexibility. By removing the opportunity for the postinjury employer to underreport p...
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作者：Keane, MP; Wolpin, KI
作者单位：New York University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：In this article, we provide quantitative evidence on the effects of monetary incentive schemes designed to reduce racial differences in school attainment and earnings. Our analysis is based on the structural estimation of a dynamic model of schooling, work, and occupational choice decisions over the life cycle. We consider two recent proposals that, although not specifically targeted to blacks, can be expected to have differential racial impacts. One proposal, suggested by Robert Reich, provid...
