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作者：Bound, J; Holzer, HJ
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University
摘要：In this article we explore the effects of labor demand shifts and population adjustments across metropolitan areas on the employment and earnings of various demographic groups during the 1980s. We find that population shifts across areas at least partially offset the effects of these demand shifts, but less-educated workers showed substantially lower population adjustments in response to these demand shifts. These limited supply responses apparently contributed importantly to relatively greate...
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作者：Antecol, H; Kuhn, P
作者单位：Illinois State University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：Compared to older women, young female job seekers are more than three times as likely to report chat their ability to find a good new job is compromised by their gender. This phenomenon cannot be statistically attributed to observed personal or job characteristics, or to any objective measure of discrimination. Further, women's reports of gender-induced advantage, and men's reports of gender-induced harm, are also more prevalent among the young. A possible interpretation of all these patterns ...
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作者：Munasinghe, L
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Theories of turnover and wage dynamics have studied the impact of wage levels on turnover, but they have failed explicitly to model the role of wage growth in predicting turnover. This article presents a theory of turnover that explains why within-job wage growth reduces the likelihood of worker-firm separations. The model determines the evolution of value among jobs that differ systematically in permanent rates of wage growth and shows that the value of high wage-growth jobs increases faster....
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作者：Cullen, JB; Gruber, J
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Previous research on unemployment insurance (UI) has emphasized the program's effect on individual search behavior. This state-contingent income may also reduce the labor supply of family members during the unemployment spell. We investigate this question within the context of wives' labor supply responses to their husbands' unemployment spells. We find strong crowdout of this form of family self-insurance; our estimates imply chat fur each dollar of UI receipt wives earn up to 73 cents less. ...
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作者：Conlin, M; Furusawa, T
作者单位：Cornell University; Yokohama National University
摘要：This paper develops a game-theoretic model that endogenizes the items included in the bargaining agenda. The model's equilibria suggest two possible sources of inefficiency: (1) exclusion of items from the bargaining agenda and (2) delay to agreement due to negotiations over the bargaining agenda. Evidence from union contract negotiations is provided to demonstrate the relevance of these sources of inefficiency. The model also allows strategic delegation by the union. In certain equilibria, th...
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作者：Hibbs, DA Jr; Locking, H
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Linnaeus University; Vaxjo University
摘要：The Swedish record of enormous compression of relative wages under centralized solidarity bargaining, followed by substantial decompression of wages after central bargaining broke down, supplies observations well suited to empirical evaluation of arguments about the response of productive efficiency to shifts in wage distribution. We obtain no results supporting fairness, morale, and cohesiveness theories implying that wage leveling within workplaces and industries may enhance productivity. Re...
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作者：Burkhauser, RV; Couch, KA; Wittenburg, DC
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Connecticut; Urban Institute
摘要：We estimate the employment effects of federal minimum wage increases using monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 1979 through 1997. We find that the empirical differences in the new minimum wage literature based on CPS data primarily can be traced to alternative methods of controlling for macroeconomic conditions. We argue that the macroeconomic controls commonly included in models where no employment impact is found are inappropriate. We consistently find a significant but modest ...
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作者：Gustman, AL; Steinmeier, TL
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University
摘要：A structural econometric model of retirement of dual-career couples is specified and estimated with panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women. A coincidence of spouses retiring together, despite the younger ages of wives, suggests explicit efforts at coordination. The estimates suggest that one reason is a correlation of tastes for leisure. More important, each spouse, and perhaps husbands in particular, values retirement more once their spouse has retired. The opportuni...
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作者：Burgess, S; Lane, J; Stevens, D
作者单位：University of Bristol; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; American University; Stockholm University; University System of Maryland; University of Baltimore
摘要：We utilize a large employer-level panel dataset to explore the links between gross job flows and gross worker flows. Our findings have relevance for models of job creation and job destruction, and labor reallocation. We find churning flows (the difference between worker and job flows at the level of the employer) to be high, pervasive, and highly persistent within employers, suggesting that they arise as a correlate of an equilibrium personnel policy. We find the dynamic relationship between j...
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作者：Carroll, R; Holtz-Eakin, D; Rider, M; Rosen, HS
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; Syracuse University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Princeton University
摘要：We investigate the effect of entrepreneurs' personal taxes on their use of labor, analyze the tax returns of sole proprietors before and after the Tart Reform Act of 1986, and determine how the substantial reductions in marginal tax rates affected their hiring decisions and wage bills. Individual income taxes exert a statistically and quantitatively significant influence on the probability of hiring workers. Raising the entrepreneur's tax price by 10% raises the mean probability of hiring by a...
