-
作者：Bound, J; Turner, S
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Virginia
摘要：The flood of veterans enrolling in college at the end of World War II contributed to widespread rhetoric that the G. I. Bill brought about the democratization of American higher education. Whether military service, combined with educational benefits, led World War II veterans to increase their investments in college has received little research attention. Our estimation strategy focuses on between-cohort differences in military service, and we use census data to compare the collegiate attainme...
-
作者：Ortín-Angel, P; Salas-Fumás, V
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Zaragoza
摘要：This article presents evidence on the relationship between compensation ratios and spans of control within hierarchical organizations. We find that compensation ratios are lower than span of control at any position within the hierarchy, which is consistent with an elasticity of compensation to a number of subordinates lower than one. Managers' human capital endowments determine a significant part of the salary differences throughout hierarchical levels, as predicted by models of talent allocat...
-
作者：Hvide, HK
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：This article considers a Lazear-Rosen tournament model where agents can influence both the spread of their output distribution ( risk taking) and its mean. The unique equilibrium induces excessive risk taking and a low level of effort. By modifying the tournament to give the highest prize to the agent with the most moderate output, a low level of risk taking and high level of effort can be sustained as an equilibrium. The first result can be useful to understand the Relative Performance Evalua...
-
作者：Breen, R; García-Peñalosa, C
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：We present an explanation for the persistence of gender segregation in occupations and for the observed cross-country differences in its extent. Agents have imperfect information about their probability of success in different occupations and base their career choices on prior beliefs about these probabilities. Beliefs are updated according to Bayes's rule, implying that past differences in preferences over occupations across genders affect the beliefs of the current generation. Consequently, ...
-
作者：Hamermesh, DS
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：I argue for increased reliance on non-U. S. data and policy evaluations to understand basic labor market parameters and to predict the effects of changes in U. S. labor market policies. Foreign experiences generate exogenous shocks to labor costs that create unusual opportunities to measure impacts on labor demand. Foreign policies often provide more variation in the underlying parameters in systems that are often structured like their American counterparts. Foreign data sets are often larger ...
-
作者：DeSimone, J
作者单位：University of North Carolina; East Carolina University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article investigates the relationship between employment and the use of marijuana and cocaine for males in National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data from 1984 and 1988. Previous studies yielding mixed evidence may have inadequately accounted for the simultaneity between drug consumption and employment. I implement an instrumental variable procedure that identifies drug use with variables that are empirically unrelated to employment, including the regional cocaine price and a state mariju...
-
作者：Hannan, RL; Kagel, JH; Moser, DV
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：We report a gift exchange experiment. Firms make wage offers; workers respond by determining an effort level. Higher effort is more costly to workers, and firms have no mechanism for punishing or rewarding workers. Consistent with the gift exchange hypothesis, workers provide more effort at higher wages, but undergraduates provide substantially less effort than MBAs. Evidence suggests this results from differences in prior work experience. Firms' nonbinding effort requests are at least partial...
-
作者：Nicholson, S
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Medical students must receive residency training in a specialty before they can practice medicine in the United States. Since the residents' salaries do not adjust across specialties, residency positions are rationed, and medical students face uncertainty when choosing a specialty. Using a data set with the preferred and realized specialties for 7,200 medical students, I estimate a model where students consider entry probabilities when selecting a specialty. I find that medical students are re...
-
作者：Card, D; DiNardo, JE
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The recent rise in wage inequality is usually attributed to skill-biased technical change (SBTC), associated with new computer technologies. We review the evidence for this hypothesis, focusing on the implications of SBTC for overall wage inequality and for changes in wage differentials between groups. A key problem for the SBTC hypothesis is that wage inequality stabilized in the 1990s despite continuing advances in computer technology; SBTC also fails to explain the evolution of other dimens...
