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作者：Lin, Xu
作者单位：Wayne State University
摘要：Disentangling peer effects from other confounding effects is difficult, and separately identifying endogenous and contextual effects is impossible for the linear-in-means model. This study confronts these problems by using spatial autoregressive models with group fixed effects. The nonlinearity introduced by the variations in the peer measurements provides information to identify both endogenous and contextual effects, thus resolving the reflection problem. The group fixed effects term capture...
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作者：Ashenfelter, Orley C.; Farber, Henry; Ransom, Michael R.
作者单位：Princeton University; Brigham Young University
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作者：Angrist, Joshua; Lavy, Victor; Schlosser, Analia
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Tel Aviv University
摘要：This article presents evidence on the child-quantity/child-quality trade-off using quasi-experimental variation due to twin births and preferences for a mixed sibling sex composition, as well as ethnic differences in the effects of these variables. Our sample includes groups with very high fertility. An innovation in our econometric approach is the juxtaposition of results from multiple instrumental variables strategies, capturing the effects of fertility over different ranges for different so...
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作者：Engelhardt, Bryan
作者单位：College of the Holy Cross
摘要：This article provides estimates on how long it takes for released inmates to find a job and, when they find a job, how less likely they are to be incarcerated. An on-the-job search model with crime is used to model criminal behavior, derive the estimation method, and analyze policies including a job placement program. The results show that the unemployed are incarcerated twice as fast as the employed and take on average 6 months to find a job. The article demonstrates that reducing the average...
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作者：Garicano, Luis; Heaton, Paul
作者单位：RAND Corporation; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We examine the relationship between information technology (IT), productivity, and organization using a new panel data set of police departments that covers 1987-2003. When considered alone, increases in IT are not associated with reductions in crime rates, increases in clearance rates, or other productivity measures, and computing technology that increases reported crime actually generates the appearance of lower productivity. These results persist across various samples, specifications, and ...
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作者：Goerg, Sebastian J.; Kube, Sebastian; Zultan, Ro'i
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：The importance of fair and equal treatment of workers is at the heart of the debate in organizational management. In this regard, we study how reward schemes and production technologies affect effort provision in teams. Our experimental results demonstrate that unequal rewards can potentially increase productivity by facilitating coordination and that the effect strongly interacts with the exact shape of the production function. Taken together, our data highlight the relevance of the productio...
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作者：Kerr, William R.; Lincoln, William F.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This study evaluates the impact of high-skilled immigrants on U. S. technology formation. We use reduced-form specifications that exploit large changes in the H-1B visa program. Higher H-1B admissions increase immigrant science and engineering (SE) employment and patenting by inventors with Indian and Chinese names in cities and firms dependent upon the program relative to their peers. Most specifications find limited effects for native SE employment or patenting. We are able to rule out displ...
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作者：Ransom, Michael R.; Oaxaca, Ronald L.
作者单位：Brigham Young University; University of Arizona
摘要：In the context of certain models, it is possible to infer the elasticity of labor supply to the firm from the elasticity of the quit rate with respect to the wage. We use this strategy to estimate the elasticity of labor supply for men and women workers at a chain of grocery stores, identifying separation elasticities from differences in wages and separation rates across different job titles within the firm. We estimate that women have lower elasticities, so a Robinson-style monopsony model ca...
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作者：Gathmann, Christina; Schoenberg, Uta
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This article studies how portable skills accumulated in the labor market are. Using rich data on tasks performed in occupations, we propose the concept of task-specific human capital to measure empirically the transferability of skills across occupations. Our results on occupational mobility and wages show that labor market skills are more portable than previously considered. We find that individuals move to occupations with similar task requirements and that the distance of moves declines wit...
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作者：Yamaguchi, Shintaro
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：This article constructs and estimates a model of wage bargaining with on-the-job search to explore three different components of wages: general human capital, match-specific capital, and outside options. As the workers find better job opportunities, the current employer has to compete with outside firms to retain them. This between-firm competition results in wage growth even when productivity remains the same. The model is estimated by a simulated minimum distance estimator and data from the ...
