-
作者：Caceres-Delpiano, Julio; Giolito, Eugenio
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：Using data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report program and differences in the timing of the reform's introduction, we find that unilateral divorce caused an increase in violent crime rates of approximately 9% during the period 1965-96. When we use age at the time of the reform as an additional source of variation, our findings suggest that young adult cohorts, who were children at the time of the reform, were particularly affected. Finally, we show evidence that a p...
-
作者：Del Bono, Emilia; Ermisch, John; Francesconi, Marco
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：Using large American and British survey data, this paper provides structural estimates of the production functions for birth weight and fetal growth. In addition to maternal smoking, we estimate the impact of when a mother stops work, which has not been considered in the literature. Mothers' work interruptions of up to 3 months before birth have a positive effect on birth outcomes, especially among British children. Parental behavior appears to respond to child idiosyncratic endowments in a wa...
-
作者：Lavy, Victor; Silva, Olmo; Weinhardt, Felix
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick
摘要：We study ability peer effects in English secondary schools using data on four cohorts of students taking age-14 national tests and measuring peers' ability by prior achievements at age 11. Our identification is based on within-pupil regressions exploiting variation in achievements across three compulsory subjects tested at age 14 and age 11. Using this novel strategy, we find significant and sizable negative effects arising from bad peers at the bottom of the ability distribution but little ev...
-
作者：Antonovics, Kate; Golan, Limor
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：In this article, we examine optimal job choices when jobs differ in the rate at which they reveal information about workers' skills. We then analyze how the optimal level of experimentation changes over a worker's career and characterize job transitions and wage growth over the life cycle. Using the Dictionary of Occupational Titles merged with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we then construct an index of how much information different occupations reveal about workers' skills a...
-
作者：van der Klaauw, Wilbert
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Despite the importance of expectations in models of decision behavior under uncertainty, few empirical economists have made use of subjective expectations data in estimating such models. Assuming that expectations about future behavior accurately portray optimal future behavior conditional on current information, it is shown that such data can provide similar information about the decision process as can data on current or retrospective behavior. The value of self-reported choice expectations ...
-
作者：Mansour, Hani
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado Denver; Children's Hospital Colorado; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：Models of employer learning have two implications: first, the distribution of wages becomes more dispersed as a cohort of workers gains experience; second, the coefficient on an ability correlate that employers initially do not observe grows with experience. If learning by employers varies across occupations, both of these indicators of learning should covary positively across groups defined by a worker's initial occupational assignment. This paper tests these implications using data from the ...
-
作者：Altonji, Joseph G.; Bharadwaj, Prashant; Lange, Fabian
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We examine changes in the characteristics of American youth between the late 1970s and the late 1990s, with a focus on characteristics that matter for labor market success. The current generation is more skilled than the previous one. Blacks and Hispanics have gained relative to whites, and women have gained relative to men. However, the skill distribution has widened overall. Shifts in parental education generate many of the observed changes. We also provide speculative estimates suggesting t...
-
作者：Yamaguchi, Shintaro
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：This article proposes a new approach to modeling heterogeneous human capital using task data from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The key feature of the model is that it departs from the Roy model, which treats occupations as distinct categories and conceives of occupations as bundles of tasks. The advantages of this approach are that it can accommodate many occupations without computational burden and provide a clear interpretation as to how and why skills are differently rewarded acro...
-
作者：Roth, Alvin E.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：In this reply I describe the unraveling of transaction dates in several markets, including the labor market for new lawyers hired by large law firms. This and other markets illustrate that unraveling can occur in markets with competitive prices, that it can result in substantial inefficiencies, and that marketplace institutions play a role in restoring efficiency. All of these contradict the conclusions of Priest.
-
作者：Zhylyevskyy, Oleksandr
作者单位：Iowa State University
摘要：The optimal balance between keeping marriages intact, despite spousal conflict, and allowing for divorce is a subject of policy debate in the United States. To explore the trade-offs, I construct a structural model with information asymmetries, which may generate inefficient outcomes. Parameters are estimated using data from the National Survey of Families and Households. I find that eliminating separation periods decreases the conflict rate by 9.2% of its baseline level and increases the divo...
