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作者：Dube, Arindrajit; Lester, T. William; Reich, Michael
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We provide the first estimates of the effects of minimum wages on employment flows in the US labor market, identifying the impact by using policy discontinuities at state borders. We find that minimum wages have a sizable negative effect on employment flows but not on stocks. Separations and accessions fall among affected workers, especially those with low tenure. We do not find changes in the duration of nonemployment for separations or hires. This evidence is consistent with search models wi...
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作者：Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Pharmacy today is a highly remunerated female-majority profession with a small gender earnings gap and low earnings dispersion. Using extensive surveys of pharmacists, as well as the US Census, American Community Surveys, and Current Population Surveys, we explore the gender earnings gap, penalty to part-time work, demographics of pharmacists relative to other college graduates, and evolution of the profession during the last half-century. Technological changes increasing substitutability amon...
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作者：Jones, John Bailey; Yang, Fang
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：We document the growth in higher education costs and tuition over the past 50 years. To explain these trends, we develop a general equilibrium model with skill- and sector-biased technical change. Finding the model's parameters through a combination of estimation and calibration, we show that it can explain the rise in college costs between 1961 and 2009, along with the increase in college attainment and the change in the relative earnings of college graduates. The model predicts that if colle...
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作者：DeVaro, Jed; Kauhanen, Antti
作者单位：California State University System; California State University East Bay
摘要：We use a systems-based econometric method to show that classic and market-based tournament models are empirically distinguishable since the role of risk differs across these models. Implementing the method using a large, Finnish, worker-firm matched panel, we find support for classic tournaments given that promotions depend on relative performance, the firm's wage structure is convex, promotion probabilities are decreasing in the number of competitors, performance is increasing in the wage spr...
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作者：Cunha, Flavio; Heckmans, James
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作者：Camargo, Braz; Pastorino, Elena
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：We analyze commitment to employment in an environment in which an infinitely lived firm faces a sequence of finitely lived workers who differ in their ability. A worker's ability is initially unknown, and a worker's effort affects how informative about ability the worker's performance is. We show that equilibria display commitment to employment only when effort has a delayed impact on output. In this case, insurance against early termination encourages workers to exert effort, thus allowing th...
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作者：Braga, Michela; Paccagnella, Marco; Pellizzari, Michele
作者单位：Bocconi University; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of college teaching on students' academic achievement and labor market outcomes using administrative data from Bocconi University matched with tax records. The estimation exploits the random allocation of students to teachers in a fixed sequence of compulsory courses. We find that teacher effects on students' academic and labor market outcomes are only mildly positively correlated and that the professors who are best at improving the academic achievement of thei...
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作者：Angelov, Nikolay; Johansson, Per; Lindahl, Erica
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：We compare the income and wage trajectories of women to those of their male partners before and after parenthood. Focusing on the within-couple gap allows us to control for both observed and unobserved attributes of the spouse and to estimate both short-and long-term effects of entering parenthood. We find that 15 years after the first child has been born, the male-female gender gaps in income and wages have increased by 32 and 10 percentage points, respectively. In line with a collective labo...
