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作者：Castleman, Benjamin L.; Long, Bridget Terry
作者单位：University of Virginia; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The government has attempted to ameliorate gaps in college access and success by providing need-based grants, but little evidence exists on the long-term impacts of such aid. We examine the effects of the Florida Student Access Grant (FSAG) using a regression-discontinuity strategy and exploiting the cut-off used to determine eligibility. We find that grant eligibility had a positive effect on attendance, particularly at public 4-year institutions. Moreover, FSAG increased the rate of credit a...
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作者：Macis, Mario; Schivardi, Fabiano
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We use linked employer-employee data from Italy to explore the relationship between exports and wages. Exploiting the 1992 devaluation of the lira, we show that exporting firms both pay a wage premium above what their workers would earn in the outside labor market (the rent-sharing effect) and employ workers whose skills command a higher price after the devaluation (the skill composition effect). The latter only emerges once we allow for the value of workers' skills to differ in the pre-and po...
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作者：Fruehwirth, Jane Cooley; Navarro, Salvador; Takahashi, Yuya
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Western University (University of Western Ontario); Johns Hopkins University
摘要：We show how the effect of grade retention varies by abilities, by timing of retention, and as time since retention elapses. Existing studies of grade retention are not well equipped to deal with the possibility that students retained at different grades differ in unobservable abilities (dynamic selection) and the effects of retention also vary by the student's abilities and the timing of retention. We extend existing factor analytic methods for identifying treatment effects in such settings. U...
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作者：Hensvik, Lena; Skans, Oskar Nordstrom
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Uppsala University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We provide a direct empirical test of Montgomery's 1991 notion that firms hire workers through social ties of productive employees as these workers know others with high unobserved productivity. We focus on coworker networks and show that firms recruit workers with better military draft test scores but shorter schooling when hiring previous colleagues of current employees, suggesting that firms use these networks to attract workers with better qualities in hard-to-observe dimensions. Incumbent...
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作者：Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F.
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作者：Ni, Shawn; Podgursky, Michael
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：Rising costs of public employee pension plans have caused fiscal stress in many cities and states and have led to calls for reform. To assess the economic consequences of plan changes, it is important to have reliable statistical models of employee retirement behavior. The authors estimate a structural model of teacher retirement using Missouri administrative panel data. A Stock-Wise option value model provides a good fit to the data and predicts well out-of-sample on the effects of pension en...
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作者：Gronqvist, Erik; Lindqvist, Erik
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：We show that officer training during the Swedish military service has a strong positive effect on the probability of attaining a managerial position later in life. The most intense type of officer training increases the probability of becoming a civilian manager by about 5 percentage points, or 75%. Officer training also increases educational attainment post-military service. We argue that the effect on civilian leadership could be due to the acquisition of leadership-specific skills during th...
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作者：Ham, John C.; Li, Xianghong; Shore-Sheppard, Lara D.
作者单位：National University of Singapore; IZA Institute Labor Economics; York University - Canada; Williams College
摘要：Understanding the employment dynamics of disadvantaged families is increasingly important. We estimate duration models describing these dynamics for disadvantaged single mothers and use them to conduct a rich set of counterfactual analyses. We use a misreporting model to correct for seam bias, the problem that too many transitions are reported between reference periods in panel data. We find effects of demographics, minimum wages, unemployment rates, and maximum welfare benefits, but not polic...
