-
作者：Goodman, Joshua; Hurwitz, Michael; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Does access to 4-year colleges affect degree completion for students who would otherwise attend 2-year colleges? Admission to Georgia's 4-year public sector requires minimum SAT scores. Regression discontinuity estimates show that access to this sector increases 4-year college enrollment and college quality, largely by diverting students from 2-year colleges. Access substantially increases bachelor's degree completion rates for these relatively low-skilled students. SAT-retaking behavior sugge...
-
作者：Carruthers, Celeste K.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Competing explanations for the long-standing gap between black and white earnings attribute different weight to wage discrimination and human capital differences. Using new data on local school quality, we find that human capital played a predominant role in determining 1940 wage and occupational status gaps in the South despite entrenched racial discrimination in civic life and the lack of federal employment protections. The resulting wage gap coincides with the higher end of the range of est...
-
作者：Elsner, Benjamin; Isphording, Ingo E.
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the impact of a student's ordinal rank in a high school cohort on educational attainment several years later. To identify a causal effect, we compare multiple cohorts within the same school, exploiting idiosyncratic variation in cohort composition. We find that a student's ordinal rank significantly affects educational outcomes later in life. Students with a higher rank are significantly more likely to finish high school and to attend college. Exploring potential channels, we find tha...
-
作者：Kottelenberg, Michael J.; Lehrer, Steven F.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); New York University; NYU Shanghai; Queens University - Canada; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We provide evidence on the distributional effects of Quebec's universal child care policy. Our analysis uncovers substantial policy relevant heterogeneity in the estimated effect of access to subsidized child care across two developmental score distributions for children from two-parent families. Whereas past research reported findings of negative effects on mothers and children from these families, igniting controversy, our estimates reveal a more nuanced image that formal child care can inde...
-
作者：Vosters, Kelly; Nybom, Martin
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; Stockholm University; Stockholm University
摘要：Recently Gregory Clark and coauthors have argued that social mobility rates are constant across countries and lower than traditionally estimated, hypothesizing that prior estimates of intergenerational persistence are attenuated from focusing on a single proxy for underlying status. We test this proposition by incorporating multiple proxy measures into a least-attenuated estimate of persistence for Sweden and conducting a Sweden-United States comparison. We find no evidence of substantial bias...
-
作者：Olsson, Martin; Tag, Joacim
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：Private equity firms are often criticized for laying off workers, but the evidence on who loses their jobs and why is scarce. This paper argues that explanations for job polarization also explain layoffs after private equity buyouts. Buyouts reduce agency problems, which triggers automation and offshoring. Using rich employer-employee data, we show that buyouts generally do not affect unemployment incidence. However, unemployment incidence doubles for workers in less productive firms who perfo...
-
作者：Bose, Gautam; Lang, Kevin
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Much nonmanagerial work is routine, with all workers having similar output most of the time. However, failure to address occasional challenges can be very costly, and consequently easily detected, while challenges handled well pass unnoticed. We analyze job assignment and worker monitoring for such guardian jobs. If monitoring costs are positive but small, monitoring is nonmonotonic in the firm's belief about the probability that a worker is good. The model explains several empirical regularit...
