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作者：Currie, Janet; MacLeod, W. Bentley
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：Expert performance is often evaluated assuming that good experts have good outcomes. We examine expertise in medicine and develop a model that allows for two dimensions of physician performance: decision making and procedural skill. Better procedural skill increases the use of intensive procedures for everyone, while better decision making results in a reallocation of procedures from fewer low-risk to high-risk cases. We show that poor diagnosticians can be identified using administrative data...
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作者：Ba, Bocar A.; Ham, John C.; LaLonde, Robert J.; Li, Xianghong
作者单位：University of Chicago; National University of Singapore; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; IZA Institute Labor Economics; York University - Canada
摘要：We estimate the effect of endogenous training participation on transitions in and out of employment for disadvantaged women in the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) study. Decomposing the effect of training on employment into its effects on transitions in and out of employment has the potential to develop more effective programs. We also consider a potentially serious identification problem that arises when individuals do not undertake training immediately, and we propose a test to shed ligh...
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作者：Butcher, Kristin F.; Park, Kyung H.; Piehl, Anne Morrison
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Using detailed administrative records, we find that, on average, women receive lighter sentences in comparison with men along both extensive and intensive margins. Using parametric and semiparametric decomposition methods, roughly 30% of the gender differences in incarceration cannot be explained by the observed criminal characteristics of offense and offender. We also find evidence of considerable heterogeneity across judges in their treatment of female and male offenders. There is little evi...
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作者：Bhuller, Manudeep; Mogstad, Magne; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Statistics Norway; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Using Norwegian population panel data with nearly career-long earnings histories, we provide a detailed picture of the causal relationship between schooling and earnings over the life cycle. To address selection bias, we apply three commonly used identification strategies. We find that additional schooling gives higher lifetime earnings and a steeper age-earnings profile, in line with predictions from human capital theory. Our preferred estimates imply an internal rate of return of around 11%,...
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作者：Dillon, Eleanor Wiske; Smith, Jeffrey Andrew
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine how students of varying abilities sort (and are sorted) into colleges of varying qualities. Our data indicate substantial amounts of both academic undermatch (high-ability students at low-quality colleges) and academic overmatch (low-ability students at high-quality colleges). Student application and enrollment decisions, rather than college admission decisions, drive most deviations from academic assortative matching. Financial constraints, information, and the public college optio...
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作者：Nybom, Martin
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：I use Swedish registry data to estimate lifetime earnings returns to college and how they vary with observed and unobserved characteristics. The richness of the data also allows me to examine heterogeneity with respect to cognitive and noncognitive ability and parental earnings. Local instrumental variable analysis is used to recover marginal and average treatment effects under selection on gains. The findings support the notion of self-selection, but mainly on observed characteristics. Return...
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作者：Prada, Maria F.; Urzua, Sergio
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates the role of mechanical ability as a determinant of schooling decisions and labor market outcomes. Using a Roy model with multiple unobserved abilities and longitudinal data from NLSY79, we find that this ability has a positive effect on overall earnings. However, in contrast to cognitive and socioemotional abilities, mechanical ability reduces the likelihood of 4-year college attendance. The rationale for this asymmetry comes from its large estimated impact on earnings ...
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作者：Ashenfelter, Orley; Card, David
作者单位：Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Smith, Jonathan; Hurwitz, Michael; Avery, Christopher
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We implement a regression discontinuity design using the continuous raw Advanced Placement (AP) exam scores, which are mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively affects college completion and subsequent exam-taking. Specifically, attaining credit-granting integer scores increases the probability that a student will receive a bachelor's degree within 4 years by 1-2 percentage points per exam. We also find that receivi...
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作者：Zhao, Lingxiao; Burge, Gregory
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：We investigate the relationship between housing wealth, property taxes, and elderly labor supply using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Survey spanning the recent boom/bust housing cycle. When combined with MSA-specific house price indexes, the data provide plausibly exogenous variation in housing wealth, identified through within-MSA renter/homeowner comparisons. Our findings suggest that elderly households respond to variation in housing wealth and property taxes in the predi...
