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作者：Bassanini, Andrea; Brunello, Giorgio; Caroli, Eve
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Padua; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We investigate the impact of local social pressure on firms' firing decisions. Using linked employer-employee data, we show that secondary establishments located further away from headquarters have higher dismissal rates than those located closer. The effect of distance on dismissals is stronger, the greater the visibility of the firm in the local community of its headquarters and the larger the degree of selfishness of that community. We show that these findings can be explained by the social...
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作者：Sliwka, Dirk; Werner, Peter
作者单位：University of Cologne; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Maastricht University
摘要：We investigate how workers' performance is affected by the timing of wages in a real-effort experiment. In all treatments, agents earn the same wage sum, but wage increases are distributed differently over time. We find that agents work harder under increasing wage profiles if they do not know these profiles in advance. A profile that continuously increases wages by small amounts raises performance by about 15% relative to a constant wage. The effort reactions can be organized by a model in wh...
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作者：Arcidiacono, Peter; Kinsler, Josh; Price, Joseph
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Brigham Young University
摘要：We estimate a model where workers are heterogeneous both in their own productivity and in their ability to facilitate the productivity of others. We use data from professional basketball to measure the importance of peers in productivity because we have clear measures of output and members of a worker's group change on a regular basis. Our empirical results highlight that productivity spillovers play an important role in team production. Despite this, we find that worker compensation is largel...
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作者：Carruthers, Celeste K.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Competing explanations for the long-standing gap between black and white earnings attribute different weight to wage discrimination and human capital differences. Using new data on local school quality, we find that human capital played a predominant role in determining 1940 wage and occupational status gaps in the South despite entrenched racial discrimination in civic life and the lack of federal employment protections. The resulting wage gap coincides with the higher end of the range of est...
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作者：Elsner, Benjamin; Isphording, Ingo E.
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the impact of a student's ordinal rank in a high school cohort on educational attainment several years later. To identify a causal effect, we compare multiple cohorts within the same school, exploiting idiosyncratic variation in cohort composition. We find that a student's ordinal rank significantly affects educational outcomes later in life. Students with a higher rank are significantly more likely to finish high school and to attend college. Exploring potential channels, we find tha...
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作者：Griffen, Andrew S.; Todd, Petra E.
作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper uses experimental data from the Head Start Impact Study (HSIS) combined with nonexperimental data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) to study the performance of nonexperimental estimators for evaluating Head Start program impacts. The estimators studied include parametric cross-section and difference-in-differences regression estimators and nonparametric cross-section and difference-in-differences matching estimators. The estimators are used to generat...
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作者：Kottelenberg, Michael J.; Lehrer, Steven F.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); New York University; NYU Shanghai; Queens University - Canada; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We provide evidence on the distributional effects of Quebec's universal child care policy. Our analysis uncovers substantial policy relevant heterogeneity in the estimated effect of access to subsidized child care across two developmental score distributions for children from two-parent families. Whereas past research reported findings of negative effects on mothers and children from these families, igniting controversy, our estimates reveal a more nuanced image that formal child care can inde...
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作者：Autor, David H.; Houseman, Susan N.; Kerr, Sari Pekkala
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Wellesley College
摘要：Government employment programs for low-skilled workers typically emphasize rapid placement of participants into jobs, of which many are temporary-help jobs. Using data from Detroit's welfare-to-work program and the Chernozhukov-Hansen instrumental variables quantile regression method, we find that neither direct-hire nor temporary-help job placements significantly affect the lower tail of the earnings distribution. In the upper tail, direct-hire placements yield sizable earnings increases for ...
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作者：Biavaschi, Costanza; Giulietti, Corrado; Siddique, Zahra
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University of Southampton; University of Reading
摘要：We provide the first evidence of the magnitude and consequences of the Americanization of migrants' names in the early twentieth century. We construct a longitudinal data set of naturalization records, tracking migrants and their naming choices over time. We consistently find that migrants who Americanized their names experienced larger occupational upgrading than those who did not. Name Americanization embodies an intention to assimilate among low-skilled migrants and reveals the existence of...
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作者：Bisbee, James; Dehejia, Rajeev; Pop-Eleches, Cristian; Samii, Cyrus
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：We investigate the external validity of local average treatment effects (LATEs), specifically Angrist and Evans's use of same sex of the two first children as an instrumental variable for the effect of fertility on labor supply. We estimate their specification in 139 country-year censuses using Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample-International data. We compare each country-year's actual LATE to the extrapolated LATE from other country-years. We find that, with a sufficiently large reference...
