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作者：Carrillo, Bladimir
作者单位：Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
摘要：This paper examines the long-run impacts of income shocks by exploiting variation in coffee cultivation patterns within Colombia and world coffee prices during cohorts' school-going years. The results indicate that cohorts that faced higher returns to coffee-related work in childhood completed fewer years of schooling and have lower adult earnings scores. Several pieces of evidence suggest that these results reflect changes in educational decisions induced by temporary changes in the opportuni...
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作者：Bucarey, Alonso; Contreras, Dante; Munoz, Pablo
作者单位：Universidad de Chile
摘要：We study the labor market returns to a state-guaranteed loan used to finance university degrees in Chile. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that marginally eligible students forgo vocational education in favor of university education but reduce their probability of graduation. Even though university loan takers accumulate more student debt, their labor market outcomes are not different from those of ineligible students. We find suggestive evidence that the lower quality of the r...
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作者：Dobbie, Will; Fryer, Roland G.
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We estimate the impact of charter schools on early-life labor market outcomes in Texas. We find that, at the mean, charter schools have no impact on test scores and a negative impact on earnings. No Excuses charter schools increase test scores and 4-year college enrollment but have a statistically insignificant impact on earnings, although the coefficient is almost identical to what one would expect given the correlation between test scores and wages. Other types of charter schools decrease te...
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作者：Riddell, Chris; Riddell, W. Craig
作者单位：University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia
摘要：The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a well-known welfare-to-work experiment that provided a generous but time-limited financial incentive to leave welfare and enter the workforce. Experimental evidence showed large short-term impacts but no lasting effects. We argue that these conclusions need to be reassessed. Policy changes implemented during the SSP implied that the control group's behavior did not provide an appropriate counterfactual. We estimate the impacts the financial incentive wou...
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作者：Michaelides, Marios; Mueser, Peter
作者单位：University of Cyprus; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We present experimental evidence on four US reemployment programs targeting unemployment insurance (UI) recipients during the Great Recession. All programs reduced UI spells, produced UI savings that exceeded program costs, and increased employment rates. The services referral program had the smallest effects, occurring because of voluntary UI exits by participants to avoid requirements. The two programs reviewing participants' UI eligibility produced greater effects because they induced volun...
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作者：Persico, Claudia; Figlio, David; Roth, Jeffrey
作者单位：American University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：We use population-level data on all Florida children born between 1994 and 2002 to examine the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to environmental toxicants from a Superfund (toxic waste) site. We compare siblings who faced different toxic exposures during gestation because of Superfund site cleanup (or, in other specifications, because of a family move). Children exposed to toxic waste while gestating have substantially worse cognitive and behavioral outcomes than do their unaffected sibl...
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作者：Murphy, Richard
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper provides evidence for why individuals join unions instead of free riding. I model membership as legal insurance. To test the model, I use the incidence of news stories concerning allegations against teachers in the United Kingdom as a plausibly exogenous shock to demand for such insurance. I find that for every five stories occurring in a region, teachers are 2.2 percentage points more likely to be members in the subsequent year. These effects are larger when teachers share characte...
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作者：Schiprowski, Amelie
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：Caseworkers are the main human resources used to provide social services. This paper asks whether and how much caseworkers matter for the outcomes of unemployed individuals. Using large-scale administrative data, I exploit exogenous variation in unplanned absences among Swiss unemployment insurance caseworkers. I find that individuals who lose a meeting with their caseworker stay unemployed 5% longer. Results show large heterogeneity in the personal impact of caseworkers: the effect of a forgo...
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作者：Gilraine, Michael
作者单位：New York University
摘要：In many settings, a policy discontinuity comprises several treatments that cannot be separately identified using a standard regression discontinuity design. I propose a method for identifying distinct treatment components from a single discontinuity by exploiting the asymmetry between entities entering versus exiting treatment. Using data from New York City for 2009-13, I apply my strategy to the discontinuity associated with the introduction of class size caps-a widespread approach for reduci...
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作者：Brenoe, Anne Ardila; Zoelitz, Ulf
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Copenhagen; University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We investigate how high school gender composition affects students' participation in STEM at college. Using Danish administrative data, we exploit idiosyncratic within-school variation in gender composition. We find that having a larger proportion of female peers reduces women's probability of enrolling in and graduating from STEM programs. Men's STEM participation increases with more female peers present. In the long run, women exposed to more female peers are less likely to work in STEM occu...
