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作者：Nagler, Markus; Piopiunik, Marc; West, Martin R.
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：How do alternative job opportunities affect teacher quality? We provide causal evidence on this question by exploiting business cycle conditions at career start as a source of exogenous variation in the outside options of potential teachers. Unlike prior research, we directly assess teacher quality with value-added measures of impacts on student test scores, using administrative data on over 30,000 Florida public school teachers. Consistent with a Roy model of occupational choice, teachers ent...
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作者：Carrillo, Bladimir
作者单位：Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
摘要：This paper examines the long-run impacts of income shocks by exploiting variation in coffee cultivation patterns within Colombia and world coffee prices during cohorts' school-going years. The results indicate that cohorts that faced higher returns to coffee-related work in childhood completed fewer years of schooling and have lower adult earnings scores. Several pieces of evidence suggest that these results reflect changes in educational decisions induced by temporary changes in the opportuni...
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作者：Mouganie, Pierre; Wang, Yaojing
作者单位：American University of Beirut; Peking University
摘要：The purpose of this paper is to examine how social environment affects women's STEM choices as early as high school. Using administrative data from China, we find that exposure to high-performing female peers in mathematics increases the likelihood that women choose a science track during high school, while exposure to more high-performing males decrease this likelihood. We also find that peer quality has persistent effects on college outcomes. Overall, there is little evidence of peer effects...
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作者：Ginja, Rita; Jans, Jenny; Karimi, Arizo
作者单位：University of Bergen; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Uppsala University
摘要：We study how parental leave benefit levels affect household labor supply, family income, and child outcomes, exploiting the speed premium (SP) in the Swedish leave system. The SP grants mothers higher benefits for a subsequent child without reestablishing eligibility through market work if two births occur within a prespecified interval. We use the spacing eligibility cutoffs in a regression discontinuity framework and find that the SP improves educational outcomes of the older child but not t...
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作者：Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Low-skill workers are comparatively immobile. This paper estimates the role of housing prices and social transfers in accounting for this fact using a spatial equilibrium model. Reduced-form estimates using US census data show that positive local labor demand shocks increase population more than negative shocks reduce population, that this asymmetry is larger for low-skill workers, and that such an asymmetry is absent for average wages, housing values, and rental prices. Generalized method of ...
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作者：Powell, David
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：This paper studies labor supply responses to transitory income, exploiting the differential timing of the 2008 tax rebates. While an influential literature finds that rebates encourage consumer spending, it has ignored the ramifications on labor supply. I estimate that each rebate dollar reduces monthly earnings by 9 cents with smaller but significant lagged effects. This responsiveness is primarily concentrated in the second quartile of the earnings distribution and among hourly workers. The ...
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作者：Bucarey, Alonso; Contreras, Dante; Munoz, Pablo
作者单位：Universidad de Chile
摘要：We study the labor market returns to a state-guaranteed loan used to finance university degrees in Chile. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that marginally eligible students forgo vocational education in favor of university education but reduce their probability of graduation. Even though university loan takers accumulate more student debt, their labor market outcomes are not different from those of ineligible students. We find suggestive evidence that the lower quality of the r...
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作者：Dobbie, Will; Fryer, Roland G.
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We estimate the impact of charter schools on early-life labor market outcomes in Texas. We find that, at the mean, charter schools have no impact on test scores and a negative impact on earnings. No Excuses charter schools increase test scores and 4-year college enrollment but have a statistically insignificant impact on earnings, although the coefficient is almost identical to what one would expect given the correlation between test scores and wages. Other types of charter schools decrease te...
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作者：Gould, Eric D.; Simhon, Avi; Weinberg, Bruce A.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：This paper examines the transmission of human capital from parents to children using variation in parental influence due to parental death, divorce, and the increasing specialization of parental roles in larger families. All three sources of variation yield strikingly similar patterns that show that the strong parent-child correlation in human capital is largely causal. In each case, the parent-child correlation in education is stronger with the parent who spends more time with the child and w...
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作者：Riddell, Chris; Riddell, W. Craig
作者单位：University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia
摘要：The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a well-known welfare-to-work experiment that provided a generous but time-limited financial incentive to leave welfare and enter the workforce. Experimental evidence showed large short-term impacts but no lasting effects. We argue that these conclusions need to be reassessed. Policy changes implemented during the SSP implied that the control group's behavior did not provide an appropriate counterfactual. We estimate the impacts the financial incentive wou...
