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作者：Lanning, Jonathan A.; Reynolds, C. Lockwood
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Kent; Kent State University Salem
摘要：We analyze the impact of Ford Motor Company's compensation practices on the Detroit-area labor market from 1918 to 1947. Previous studies imply that Ford paid race-independent wages, but its Black workers were sorted into undesirable departments. We extend these results using propensity score reweighting of census data and Ford's records and confirm that Ford paid equal wages. We then develop a search model with discriminatory and equal wage firms to assess the impact of Ford's policy on the l...
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作者：Labanca, Claudio; Pozzoli, Dario
作者单位：Monash University; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：Firms often impose constraints on working hours. While many believe that these constraints shape labor supply decisions, little evidence exists to support such views. We explore this relationship using linked employer-employee data on hours worked and the variation in tax rates derived from the 2010 Danish tax reform. We show that hours worked are unresponsive to individual tax changes in firms with strict constraints, whereas they respond to these changes, directly and through spillovers, in ...
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作者：Bostwick, Valerie K.; Weinberg, Bruce A.
作者单位：Kansas State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We study the effects of peer gender composition in STEM doctoral programs on persistence and degree completion. Leveraging unique new data and quasi-random variation in gender composition across cohorts within programs, we show that women entering cohorts with no female peers are 11.7 percentage points less likely to graduate within 6 years than their male counterparts. A 1 standard deviation increase in the percentage of female students differentially increases women's probability of on-time ...
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作者：Ku, Hyejin
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：I examine worker effort as a potential margin of adjustment to a minimum wage hike using unique data on piece rate workers who perform a homogenous task and whose individual output is rigorously recorded. By employing a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits the increase in Florida's minimum wage from $6.79 to $7.21 on January 1, 2009, and worker location on the pre-2009 productivity distribution, I provide evidence consistent with incumbent workers' positive effort responses.
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作者：Brodeur, Abel; Kattan, Lamis
作者单位：University of Ottawa
摘要：This paper examines the impact of male casualties due to World War II on fertility and female employment in the United States. We rely on the number of casualties at the county level and use a difference-in-differences strategy. While most counties in the United States experienced a baby boom following the war, we find that the increase in fertility was lower in high-casualty-rate counties than in low-casualty-rate counties. Analyzing the channels through which male casualties could have decre...
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作者：Bolotnyy, Valentin; Emanuel, Natalia
作者单位：Stanford University; Harvard University
摘要：Female workers earn $0.89 for each male-worker dollar even in a unionized workplace, where tasks, wages, and promotion schedules are identical for men and women by design. Using administrative time-card data on bus and train operators, we show that this earnings gap can be explained by female operators taking fewer hours of overtime and more hours of unpaid time off than male operators. Female operators, especially those with dependents, pursue schedule conventionality, predictability, and con...
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作者：Eren, Ozkan; Lovenheim, Michael F.; Mocan, H. Naci
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：We present the first analysis of the effect of grade retention on adult criminal convictions, exploiting test cutoffs for ninth-grade promotion in Louisiana. Eighth-grade retention increases the likelihood of violent crime conviction by 1.05 percentage points (58.44%) and increases the number of violent crime convictions at first conviction. The effects are likely driven by declines in high school peer quality and reduced educational investments that result in lower noncognitive skill acquisit...
