-
作者：Cotton, Christopher S. S.; Hickman, Brent R. R.; Price, Joseph P. P.
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; Washington University (WUSTL); Brigham Young University
摘要：We conduct a field experiment paying students according to relative performance on a mathematics exam and tracking study efforts on a mathematics website to test the incentive effects of affirmative action (AA) policies on study effort and math proficiency. AA increases study effort and exam performance for the majority of disadvantaged students targeted by the policy. While the performance of the highest-ability students targeted by the AA policy declines, on average study activity and exam p...
-
作者：Card, David; Mas, Alexandre
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
-
作者：Lanning, Jonathan A.; Reynolds, C. Lockwood
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Kent; Kent State University Salem
摘要：We analyze the impact of Ford Motor Company's compensation practices on the Detroit-area labor market from 1918 to 1947. Previous studies imply that Ford paid race-independent wages, but its Black workers were sorted into undesirable departments. We extend these results using propensity score reweighting of census data and Ford's records and confirm that Ford paid equal wages. We then develop a search model with discriminatory and equal wage firms to assess the impact of Ford's policy on the l...
-
作者：Connolly, Marie; Haeck, Catherine
作者单位：University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：We estimate the nonlinear impact of class size on student achievement by exploiting regulations that cap class size at 20 students per class in kindergarten. Based on student-level information from a previously unexploited and unique large-scale census survey of kindergarten students, this study provides clear evidence of the nonlinearity of class size effects on development measures. While the effects are largest on cognitive development, class size reductions also improve noncognitive skills...
-
作者：Arcidiacono, Peter; Kinsler, Josh; Ransom, Tyler
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We use public documents from the Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard University lawsuit to examine admissions preferences for recruited athletes, legacies, those on the dean's interest list, and children of faculty and staff (ALDCs). More than 43% of white admits are ALDC; the share for African American, Asian American, and Hispanics is less than 16%. Our model of admissions shows that roughly three-quarters of white ALDC admits would have been rejected absent their ALDC status. Removing p...
-
作者：vom Lehn, Christian; Ellsworth, Cache; Kroff, Zachary
作者单位：Brigham Young University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Measuring occupational mobility from the Current Population Survey using retrospective or longitudinal methods generates substantially different outcomes, in both levels and trends. Using a generalized method of moments technique, we estimate the level of occupational mobility and the measurement error in both of these measures for 1981-2018. We estimate that occupational mobility has been trending down, particularly since 2000, consistent with retrospective measures of occupational mobility. ...
-
作者：Bar-Isaac, Heski; Levy, Raphael
作者单位：University of Toronto; Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris
摘要：Firms have discretion over task allocations, which may dampen employees' career prospects and, hence, their motivation. Task assignments and worker motivation interact through the extent of labor market competition-that is, the possibility of moving to another firm. More competition enhances motivation but decreases firms' incentives to assign workers to informative tasks. One consequence is that competitive firms sometimes choose strategies that lead to intermediate competition. When the empl...
-
作者：Labanca, Claudio; Pozzoli, Dario
作者单位：Monash University; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：Firms often impose constraints on working hours. While many believe that these constraints shape labor supply decisions, little evidence exists to support such views. We explore this relationship using linked employer-employee data on hours worked and the variation in tax rates derived from the 2010 Danish tax reform. We show that hours worked are unresponsive to individual tax changes in firms with strict constraints, whereas they respond to these changes, directly and through spillovers, in ...
-
作者：Tan, Hui Ren
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：How widespread are social network effects? To answer this, I introduce a page-based approach for identifying individuals living in close proximity and compare how the propensity to work in the same industry varies among worker pairs residing in the same versus different areas. Across the 70 largest cities in the early twentieth-century United States, those from the same area are more likely to work in the same industry. On average, the increase in propensity is around 14%-20% of the baseline m...
-
作者：Bostwick, Valerie K.; Weinberg, Bruce A.
作者单位：Kansas State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We study the effects of peer gender composition in STEM doctoral programs on persistence and degree completion. Leveraging unique new data and quasi-random variation in gender composition across cohorts within programs, we show that women entering cohorts with no female peers are 11.7 percentage points less likely to graduate within 6 years than their male counterparts. A 1 standard deviation increase in the percentage of female students differentially increases women's probability of on-time ...
