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作者：Yi, Moises; Mueller, Steffen; Stegmaier, Jens
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH); Otto von Guericke University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We analyze how skill transferability and the local industry mix affect the adjustment costs of workers hit by a trade shock. Using German administrative data and novel measures of economic distance, we construct an index of labor market absorptiveness that captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry are able to reallocate into other jobs. Among manufacturing workers, we find that the earnings loss associated with increased import exposure is much higher for those who live i...
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作者：Chan, Marc K.; Herault, Nicolas; Vu, Ha; Wilkins, Roger
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Universite de Bordeaux; Deakin University
摘要：Many countries impose job search requirements on unemployment benefit recipients. Existing studies have mainly focused on the impact of incremental changes to requirements on the recipients. Australian reforms in 1995 saw groups of partnered welfare recipients newly subjected to job search requirements, allowing us to produce causal estimates of the effects on family welfare receipt of introducing such requirements. Using a quasi-experimental design and administrative data, we find large negat...
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作者：Battistin, Erich; Neri, Lorenzo
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of St Andrews; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We show that score inflation yields residential sorting around what households expect to be better schools, with long-term consequences for the economic geography of neighborhoods. We consider primary school exams in England, where grading standards have triggered an inflation of indicators in the national performance tables since the mid-1990s. Local neighborhoods were gentrified because of school improvements artificially signaled by score inflation. Competition between schools increased, yi...
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作者：Gudgeon, Matthew; Trenkle, Simon
作者单位：Tufts University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper studies the speed at which workers' pretax earnings respond to tax changes along the intensive margin. We do so in the context of Germany, where a large notch in the tax schedule induces sharp bunching in the earnings distribution. We analyze earnings responses to two policy reforms that shift this notch outward and find clear evidence that frictions delay the earnings responses of more than 38% of workers. We propose that heterogeneity in firm labor demand plays a key role in gener...
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作者：Bell, Brian; Bukowski, Pawel; Machin, Stephen
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：The evolution of rent sharing is studied. Based on a panel of the top 300 publicly quoted British companies over 35 years and using excess stock market returns to patenting activity as an instrument for economic rents, the paper reports evidence of a significant fall over time in the pass-through from rents to wages. It confirms that wages do respond to firm-level shocks to economic rents, but by significantly less after 2000 than during the 1980s and 1990s. The evidence of decline is robust, ...
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作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo; Kiguel, Sebastian; Porter, Shanette C.; Easton, John Q.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：We estimate the longer-run effects of attending an effective high school (one that improves a combination of test scores, survey measures of socioemotional development, and behaviors in ninth grade) for students who are more versus less educationally advantaged. All students benefit from attending effective schools, but the least advantaged students experience larger improvements in high school graduation, college going, and school-based arrests. Test score value-added understates the long-run...
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作者：Hansen, Anne Toft; Hvidman, Ulrik; Sievertsen, Hans Henrik
作者单位：University of Bristol; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We identify the labor market returns to university grade point average (GPA) by leveraging a nationwide change in the scaling of grades in Danish universities. Our results show that a reform-induced increase in GPA that is unrelated to ability causes higher earnings immediately after graduation, but the effect fades in subsequent years. The effect at labor market entry is largest for individuals with fewer alternative signals. Although employers initially screen candidates on the basis of skil...
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作者：Bronson, Mary Ann; Mazzocco, Maurizio
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We document that the US marriage market is characterized by two systematic empirical patterns. First, there is a quantitatively large, strong, and persistent negative relationship between changes in cohort size and marriage rates of women. Second, the same negative correlation holds for men. We then establish the features a model should possess to generate these patterns. A standard matching model with search frictions is rejected by the data because it produces a negative relationship for wom...
