2018

最新文章

• Dynamic fiscal competition: A political economy theory AI翻译
  作者：Arcalean, Calin
  作者单位：Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
  摘要：I develop a political economy theory of dynamic fiscal competition via public spending and debt. With internationally mobile capital, strategic policies generate two cross-border externalities that voters in each country fail to internalize: (1) an increase in public spending that bolsters capital accumulation but also (2) a race to the top in public debt which crowds out capital. The relative size of these two externalities varies with the number of financially integrated countries and intera...
• The effect of the affordable care act Medicaid expansions on financial wellbeing AI翻译
  作者：Hu, Luojia; Kaestner, Robert; Mazumder, Bhashkar; Miller, Sarah; Wong, Ashley
  作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Northwestern University
  摘要：We examine the effect of the Medicaid expansions under the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on consumer financial outcomes using data from a major credit reporting agency for a large, national sample of adults. We employ the synthetic control method to compare individuals living in states that expanded Medicaid to those that did not. We find that the Medicaid expansions significantly reduced the number of unpaid bills and the amount of debt sent to third-party collection a...
• Unemployment and environmental regulation in general equilibrium AI翻译
  作者：Hafstead, Marc A. C.; Williams, Roberton C., III
  作者单位：Resources for the Future; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：This paper analyzes the effects of environmental policy on employment (and unemployment) using a new general-equilibrium two-sector search model. We find that imposing a pollution tax causes substantial reductions in employment in the regulated (polluting) industry, but this is offset by increased employment in the unregulated (nonpolluting) sector. As a result, while the policy causes a substantial shift in employment between industries, the net effect on overall employment (and unemployment)...
• The effect of charter competition on unionized district revenues and resource allocation AI翻译
  作者：Cook, Jason B.
  作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
  摘要：This study examines the impact of competition due to charter school entry on the level of revenues and the composition of expenditures within traditional public school districts (TPSDs). I leverage a policy change affecting the location and timing of charter entry to account for endogenous charter competition. TPSDs respond to competition by allocating resources away from instructional and other expenditures toward new capital construction. Using teacher contracts, I show that collectively bar...
• Bunching on the Autobahn? Speeding responses to a 'notched' penalty scheme AI翻译
  作者：Traxler, Christian; Westermaier, Franz G.; Wohlschlegel, Ansgar
  作者单位：Hertie School; Max Planck Society; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Wuppertal; University of Portsmouth
  摘要：This paper studies drivers' responses to a 'notched' penalty scheme in which speeding penalties are stepwise and discontinuously increasing in speed. We present survey evidence suggesting that drivers in Germany are well aware of the notched penalty structure. Based on a simple analytical framework, we analyze the impact of the notches on drivers' optimal speed choices. The model's predictions are confronted with data on more than 150,000 speeding tickets from the Autobahn and 290,000 speed me...
• Political economy of growth with a taste for status AI翻译
  作者：Davis, Lewis S.
  作者单位：Union College
  摘要：This paper investigates the political economy of growth when individuals prefer high levels of relative consumption. A pivotal voter determines the equilibrium tax on capital, the revenues from which fund the provision of productive public goods. The taste for status and the distributions of wealth and political power interact to generate stylized versions of oligarchies, middle-class democracies and populist democracies. A rise in the taste for status increases the role of distributional conc...
• On the origins of gender gaps in human capital: Short- and long-term consequences of teachers' biases AI翻译
  作者：Lavy, Victor; Sand, Edith
  作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bank of Israel
  摘要：We estimate the effect of primary school teachers' gender biases on boys' and girls' academic achievements during middle and high school and on the choice of advanced level courses in math and sciences during high school in Tel-Aviv, Israel. We measure bias using class-gender differences in scores between school exams graded by teachers and national exams graded blindly by external examiners. For identification, we rely on the random assignment of teachers and students to classes in primary sc...
• School spirit: Legislator school ties and state funding for higher education AI翻译
  作者：Chatterji, Aaron K.; Kim, Joowon; McDevitt, Ryan C.
  作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：We explore a new mechanism to understand state funding for public colleges and universities by leveraging data on the educational experiences of state legislators, specifically if and where they received postsecondary education. Using novel, hand-collected data from 2002 through 2014, we provide comprehensive documentation - for the first time in the literature - on the educational backgrounds of state legislators. We find a statistically significant, positive association between the share of ...
• Peer effects in financial decision-making AI翻译
  作者：Lieber, Ethan M. J.; Skimmyhorn, William
  作者单位：University of Notre Dame; United States Military Academy; United States Department of Defense; United States Army
  摘要：Peer effects might play an important role in complex financial decisions because many consumers lack experience with them and the costs of thinking through such decisions can be very high. We study peer effects in retirement savings, life insurance purchase, and two charitable giving programs in a military setting with plausibly exogenous assignment of individuals to social groups. Peers, defined broadly as social groups which may include members of different ranks, appear to play an important...
• Strategic thinking in public goods games with teams AI翻译
  作者：Cox, Caleb A.; Stoddard, Brock
  作者单位：Virginia Commonwealth University; University of North Carolina; Appalachian State University
  摘要：We experimentally investigate team behavior in repeated public goods games and use team chat logs to study motives for contribution. Subjects are matched into two-person teams, and each team makes a joint decision in each period. We compare teams with individuals and find similar overall contributions. However, initial contribution is higher and endgame effects are more pronounced for teams. We examine strategic discussions within teams and find strong evidence of concern for repeated game eff...