2022

最新文章

• Moral hazard in insurance: Theory and evidence from a credit reform in Ghana AI翻译
  作者：Annan, Francis
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
  摘要：Helping individuals to buy insurance coverage in developing countries, for instance by allowing them to buy insurance on credit, may induce more risky behavior. Using rich administrative data on auto insurance market in Ghana, and a policy reform that led to sizable reduction in demand by disallowing individuals to buy insurance on credit, I provide non-parametric evidence for the existence of moral hazard and recover lower bounds on the costs it imposes in this market. The estimated cost of m...
• The zero-rent society: Evidence from hydropower and petroleum windfalls in Norwegian local governments AI翻译
  作者：Andersen, Jorgen Juel; Sorensen, Rune Jorgen
  作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School
  摘要：Economic theory and evidence suggest that political leaders take advantage of government revenue windfalls - particularly from natural resource exploitation - to enrich themselves. We revisit this hypothesis by combining information on massive local government hydropower and petroleum revenues in Norway with five decades of registry data on individual mayors' earnings and wealth. We find that, while the resource expansions massively boost local government revenues and spending, there is no evi...
• Do senators and house members beat the stock market? Evidence from the STOCK Act AI翻译
  作者：Belmont, William; Sacerdote, Bruce; Sehgal, Ranjan; Van Hoek, Ian
  作者单位：Dartmouth College
  摘要：Recent news reports and a Department of Justice investigation highlight the potential for insider informed trading by U.S. Senators and Members of the House of Representatives, an activity which the STOCK Act of 2012 was intended to deter. We use a new and comprehensive data set of these officials' trades of public equities from January 2012-December 2020. We find no evidence of superior investment performance whether we look in aggregate or at Senators specifically accused of informed trading...
• Data, discretion and institutional capacity: Evidence from cash transfers in Pakistan AI翻译
  作者：Haseeb, Muhammad; Vyborny, Kate
  作者单位：University of Geneva; Lahore School of Economics; Duke University; Duke University
  摘要：Administrative data is key to many government functions; but generating and maintaining it is costly and challenging in low-income countries. We study an overhaul of public assistance in Pakistan that created a national database of household assets and used the data to means-test cash transfers, eliminating discretion in their allocation. We use difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches to quantify the effect of this reform. Favoritism and transfers to wealthy household...
• Politics from the Bench? Ideology and Strategic Voting in the US Supreme Court AI翻译
  作者：Clark, Tom S.; Montagnes, B. Pablo; Spenkuch, Joerg L.
  作者单位：Emory University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
  摘要：In the United States, Supreme Court justices often vote along ideological lines. Why this is the case remains incompletely understood. To learn more about justices' preferences and the nature of decision-making in the Court, we differentiate between votes that were pivotal and those that were not. We find that in situations in which a justice is pivotal, her ideology is even more predictive of her vote than usual, especially when her choice matters for unambiguously establishing legal preceden...
• Social norms, sanctions, and conditional entry in markets with externalities: Evidence from an artefactual field experiment AI翻译
  作者：Riehm, Tobias; Fugger, Nicolas; Gillen, Philippe; Gretschko, Vitali; Werner, Peter
  作者单位：Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); University of Cologne; University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Maastricht University
  摘要：In an artefactual field experiment with a large and heterogeneous population sample, we test the impli-cations of social norms for market interactions associated with negative real-world externalities. We run large stylized markets in which sellers and buyers decide whether to enter the market and how much to bid for experimental coupons. Trading leads to profits for sellers and buyers but at the same time destroys donations for a good cause. Calculated over all our treatments, we observe that...
• Public childcare benefits children and mothers: Evidence from a nationwide experiment in a developing country q AI翻译
  作者：Hojman, Andres; Boo, Florencia Lopez
  作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
  摘要：This paper evaluates a public childcare program for children ages 0-4 in poor urban areas in Nicaragua. Our identification strategy exploits the program's neighborhood-level randomization as exogenous variation to tackle imperfect compliance with the original treatment assignments. We find a positive impact of 0.38 standard deviations on socio-emotional skills and a 12-percentage-point increase on mothers' work, which makes the program highly cost-effective. We do not find evidence of substant...
• Optimal tax policy and endogenous growth through innovation AI翻译
  作者：Gross, Till; Klein, Paul
  作者单位：Carleton University; Stockholm University
  摘要：We investigate optimal tax policy in a Romer-style endogenous growth model. We derive formulas for the optimal tax rates on capital, labour, and innovation on a balanced growth path. We compute the balanced growth path and the transition to it with optimal policy for a range of parameter values. We find that capital should be taxed in the short run, but be paid its marginal product in the long run. The returns to innovation and production labour, on the other hand, should always be lower than ...
• Labor market institutions and the incidence of payroll taxation AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Jinyoung; Kim, Seonghoon; Koh, Kanghyock
  作者单位：Korea University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Singapore Management University
  摘要：Despite the unambiguous predictions of the canonical model of a competitive labor market, empirical studies of the labor market effects of payroll taxation provide conflicting evidence. We estimate the labor market impacts of payroll taxation in Singapore, the country with the most competitive and flexible labor market among the countries investigated in the literature. By exploiting the sharp reduction in payroll tax rate when workers turn 60, we find that the reduced payroll tax rate in Sing...
• Minorities' strategic response to discrimination: Experimental evidence AI翻译
  作者：Kudashvili, Nikoloz; Lergetporer, Philipp
  作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Technical University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
  摘要：Discrimination against minorities is pervasive in many societies, but little is known about strategies that minorities apply to minimize discrimination. In our trust game with 758 high-school students in the country of Georgia, ethnic Georgian trustors discriminate against the ethnic Armenian minority group. We introduce an initial signaling stage to investigate Armenians' willingness to hide their ethnicity to avoid expected discrimination. 43 percent of Armenian trustees untruthfully signal ...