2022

最新文章

• Limited supply and lagging enrollment: Production technologies and enrollment changes at community colleges during the pandemic AI翻译
  作者：Schanzenbach, Diane W.; Turner, Sarah
  作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Virginia
  摘要：Weak labor markets typically lead young workers to invest in skills. High unemployment during COVID diverged from prior downturns: enrollment at community colleges dropped by 9.5 percent between 2019 and 2020, with the drop larger among men. COVID disruptions generated supply-side impacts on courses of study requiring significant capital and hands on experiential learning, particularly programs that deliver assembly, repair and maintenance (ARM) skills. Community colleges that had relative co...
• The response to dynamic incentives in insurance contracts with a deductible: Evidence from a differences-in-regression-discontinuities design AI翻译
  作者：Klein, Tobias J.; Salm, Martin; Upadhyay, Suraj
  作者单位：Tilburg University
  摘要：We develop a new approach to quantify how patients respond to dynamic incentives in health insurance contracts with a deductible. Our approach exploits two sources of variation in a differences-in-regres sion-discontinuities design: deductible contracts reset at the beginning of the year, and cost-sharing limits change over the years. Using rich claims-level data from a large Dutch health insurer we find that individuals are forward-looking. Changing dynamic incentives by increasing the deduct...
• Are deficits free? AI翻译
  作者：Brumm, Johannes; Feng, Xiangyu; Kotlikoff, Laurence; Kubler, Felix
  作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Boston University; University of Zurich
  摘要：Deficit finance, a.k.a. pay-go policy, is free when growth rates routinely exceed safe government borrowing rates. Or so many say. This note presents four counterexamples based on four versions of a simple OLG economy. In each version the growth rate exceeds the safe rate for one of four reasons - uninsured idiosyncratic risk, uninsured aggregate risk, policy uncertainty, and imperfect financial intermediation. Deficit finance does not directly address any of these problems. What works, respec...
• Financial (dis-)information: Evidence from a multi-country audit study AI翻译
  作者：Gine, Xavier; Mazer, Rafael Keenan
  作者单位：Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)
  摘要：We conduct an audit study in Ghana, Mexico and Peru to assess whether mandated disclosures are enforced and whether products offered meet the needs of low-income customers. Trained auditors visited financial institutions seeking credit and savings products. We find that staff only provides cost information when asked, disclosing less than a third of the total cost voluntarily. With this limited information, the advantages to comparison shopping are small. In addition, clients are rarely offere...
• Tax enforcement and the intended and unintended consequences of information disclosure *,** AI翻译
  作者：Konda, Laura; Patel, Elena; Seegert, Nathan
  作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
  摘要：We quantify the intended and unintended consequences to firms of increasing tax information disclosure to the IRS. Our empirical strategy leverages an exogenously staggered adoption of a redesigned federal U. S. tax form. We find that the redesign achieved the intended consequence of increasing compliance after 2011 among some firms. At the same time, we find the unintended consequence that firms changed their reporting in a way that decreased expected tax liability. We estimate that this unin...
• Sequential referenda with sophisticated voters AI翻译
  作者：Rosenthal, Howard; Zame, William R.
  作者单位：New York University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：This paper extends the Romer-Rosenthal agenda setting model to a two-period setting with sophisticated Voters and uncertainty about Voter preferences. If the Setter's first proposal is rejected, the Setter will make a second proposal. Sophisticated Voters will anticipate the second proposal in responding to the first proposal. The Setter takes their sophistication into account in making the first proposal. We compare outcomes when the Setter faces the same Voters in the two periods with outcom...
• Technological change, campaign spending and polarization q AI翻译
  作者：Balart, Pau; Casas, Agustin; Troumpounis, Orestis
  作者单位：Universitat de les Illes Balears; CUNEF Universidad; Universidad Publica de Navarra; University of Padua; Lancaster University
  摘要：We present a model of electoral competition with endogenous platforms and campaign spending where the division of voters between impressionable and ideological is also endogenous and depends on parties' strategic platform choices. Our approach results in a tractable model that provides interesting comparative statics on the effect of recent technological advancements. For instance, we can accommodate a new justification behind the well-documented simultaneous increase in campaign spending and ...
• The fundamental determinants of protest participation: Evidence from Hong Kong's antiauthoritarian movement AI翻译
  作者：Cantoni, Davide; Heizlsperger, Louis-Jonas; Yang, David Y.; Yuchtman, Noam; Zhang, Y. Jane
  作者单位：University of Munich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of New South Wales Sydney
  摘要：Which fundamental traits are associated with individuals' participation in antiauthoritarian protests? We conduct a series of surveys eliciting participation in Hong Kong's antiauthoritarian movement, covering a period that included protests ranging from tens of thousands to over one million participants. For a sample of university students, we construct a comprehensive profile of fundamental economic preferences: risk and time preferences plausibly affecting an individual's costs of protest p...
• Sources of inertia in the individual health insurance market AI翻译
  作者：Drake, Coleman; Ryan, Conor; Dowd, Bryan
  作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
  摘要：Consumers in private health insurance markets are highly inertial. The literature has repeatedly found consumers are willing to pay thousands of dollars to keep their health plan. However, the causes of inertia are not well understood, despite their importance in determining whether welfare can be improved by reducing inertia and which types of policies would be effective in doing so. Using administrative data from California's Health Insurance Marketplace, we separately identify three sources...
• Broadband Internet and social capital q AI翻译
  作者：Geraci, Andrea; Nardotto, Mattia; Reggiani, Tommaso; Sabatini, Fabio
  作者单位：European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; KU Leuven; Cardiff University; Sapienza University Rome
  摘要：We study the impact of broadband penetration on social capital in the UK. Our empirical strategy exploits a technological feature of the telecommunication infrastructure that generated substantial variation in the quality of Internet access across households. The speed of a domestic connection rapidly decays with the distance of a user's line from the network's node serving the area. Merging information on the topology of the network with geocoded longitudinal data about individual social capi...