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作者：Black, Bernard; French, Eric; McCauley, Jeremy; Song, Jae
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; University of Cambridge; University of Bristol
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income receipt on mortality for individuals on the margin of being allowed versus denied benefits. Exploiting the random assignment of administrative law judges to disability insurance cases, we find that benefit allowance increases 10-year mortality rates by 2.8 percentage points for marginal beneficiaries. However, using a Marginal Treatment Effects approach, we find evidence that benefit receipt reduces mortal...
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作者：Cook, Jason
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：In 2007, the Supreme Court declared race-conscious school admissions unconstitutional. This paper provides the first evaluation of a related federal mandate where the Columbus City School District was forced to adopt a race-blind lottery system for its magnet schools. I explore the impact of the dramatic increase in racial segregation resulting from the mandate. More segregated schools spend less per-pupil, enroll lower achieving students, employ lower value-added teachers, and perpetuate Whit...
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作者：Dominguez, Patricio; Scartascini, Carlos
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Crime levels are a perennial development problem in Latin America and a renewed concern in the United States. At the same time, trust in the police has been falling, and questions abound about citizens' willingness to support government efforts to fight crime. We conduct a survey experiment to elicit willingness to contribute toward reducing crime across five Latin American countries and the United States. We compare homicide, robbery, and theft estimates and find a higher willingness to contr...
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作者：East, Chloe N.; Simon, David
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; Children's Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Connecticut
摘要：We comprehensively evaluate the role of the U.S. safety net in replacing displaced workers' lost income and health insurance using the 1996-2013 Survey of Income and Program Participation. Cash and near-cash programs replace 32% of lost income on average over the two years following job loss and reduce the likelihood of experiencing poverty by 18 percentage points. 97% of transfer benefits paid in these two years come from Unemployment Insurance. Two years after job loss, the replacement rate ...
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作者：Noailly, Joelle; Nowzohour, Laura; van den Heuvel, Matthias; Pla, Ireneu
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; European Central Bank; The Brattle Group
摘要：We build the first news-based index of US environmental and climate policy and examine how it relates to clean investments. Extracting text from ten leading US newspapers over the last four decades, we use text- mining techniques to develop a granular news index of US environmental and climate policy (EnvP) over the 1981-2019 period. Furthermore, we develop a set of additional measures, namely an index of sentiment on environmental policy, as well as various topic-specific indexes. We validate...
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作者：Sabet, Navid; Winter, Christoph
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：We study the impact of immigrant legalization on fiscal transfers from state to local governments in the United States, exploiting variation in legal status from the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). State governments allocate more resources to IRCA counties, an allocation that is responsive to the electoral incentives of the governor. Importantly, the effect emerges prior to the enfranchisement of the IRCA migrants and we argue it is driven by the IRCA's capacity to politically ...
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作者：Christensen, Peter; Francisco, Paul; Myers, Erica; Shao, Hansen; Souza, Mateus
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Calgary; University of Mannheim
摘要：Building energy efficiency has been a cornerstone of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for decades. However, impact evaluations have revealed that energy savings typically fall short of engineering model forecasts that currently guide funding decisions. This creates a resource allocation problem that impedes progress on climate change. Using data from the Illinois implementation of the U.S.'s largest energy efficiency program, we demonstrate that a data -driven approach to predicting retrof...
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作者：Barrington-Leigh, C. P.
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University
摘要：This paper describes a fundamental and empirically conspicuous problem inherent to surveys of human feelings and opinions in which subjective responses are elicited on numerical scales. The paper also proposes a solution. The problem is a tendency by some individuals - particularly those with low levels of education - to simplify the response scale by considering only a subset of possible responses such as the lowest, middle, and highest. In principle, this focal value rounding(FVR) behavior r...
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作者：Berkes, Jan; Bouguen, Adrien; Filmer, Deon; Fukao, Tsuyoshi
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Santa Clara University; The World Bank
摘要：We study the impact of a preschool construction program and of two demand-side interventions in Cambodia. Within this context where other preschools are available, impacts are likely to differ between children who would have been enrolled in a preexisting preschool and those who would have stayed at home, with larger expected gains for the latter. After one year, we measure positive intent-to-treat impacts on an aggregate measure of development and show that the effect on children who would ha...
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作者：Dal Borgo, Mariela
作者单位：Bank of Mexico
摘要：This paper examines how a shock to the distribution of federal transfers to Mexican municipalities affects their demand for long-term loans aimed at funding productive investments. Transfers are municipalities' main source of debt payment and collateral. Using granular supervisory data, I find a positive effect on municipalities' loan volume, normalized by the country's total municipal loans, driven by obligations with private lenders. However, I find little or no average effect on take-up - d...
