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作者：Gibbons, Stephen; Machin, Stephen; Silva, Ohno
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：Choice and competition in education have recently found growing support from both policy-makers and academics. Yet evidence on the actual benefits of market-orientated reforms is at best mixed. Moreover, although the economic rationale for choice and competition is clear, in existing work there is rarely an attempt to distinguish between the two concepts. In this paper, we study whether pupils in Primary schools in England with a wider range of school choices achieve better academic outcomes t...
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作者：Roberson, Brian
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Miami University
摘要：This article utilizes a simple model of redistributive politics with jurisdictional specific local projects to analyze the inefficiencies that arise under differing levels of targetability in both taxes/transfers and local projects. The ability to tactically target taxes/transfers and/or local projects leads political parties to engage in pandering to favored groups. However, in equilibrium, we find that greater targetability in the set of available policies actually intensifies the competitio...
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作者：Palme, Marten; Sandgren, Sofia
作者单位：Stockholm University; Uppsala University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：This article studies the relation between parental economic resources and mortality later in life. We use a data set on a cohort of individuals born in 1928 in the county of Malmo in southern Sweden, which contains exceptionally detailed measures of parental household income from five years during the individuals' childhood between 1929 and 1942. The data also contain very rich information on individual earnings throughout these individuals' entire life cycle that allows us to construct a meas...
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作者：Del Boca, Alessandra; Galeotti, Marzio; Himmelberg, Charles P.; Rota, Paola
作者单位：University of Brescia; University of Milan
摘要：Time-to-build models of investment expenditures play an important role in many traditional and modem theories of the business cycle, especially for explaining the dynamic propagation of shocks. We estimate the structural parameters of a time-to-build model using annual firm-level investment data on equipment and structures. For expenditures on equipment, we find no evidence of time-to-build effects beyond one year. For expenditures on structures, by contrast, there is clear evidence of such ef...
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作者：Newbery, David M.
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：The European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) limits CO2 emissions from covered sectors, especially electricity (accounting for about 56%). At (sic)44 billion per annum. the ETS is the largest emissions trading system ever, 40 times larger than US programmes. The article demonstrates that fixing the quantity rather than the price of carbon reduces the price elasticity of demand for gas appreciably, amplifying the market power of gas suppliers, and amplifying the impact of gas price increases on ...
