Is Representation Enough? Racial Disparities in Levels of Force and Arrests by Police

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Headley, Andrea M.; Wright, James E., II
• 署名单位: Georgetown University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
• 刊物名称: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0033-3352
• DOI: 10.1111/puar.13225
• 发表日期: 2020
• 页码: 1051-1062
• 关键词: active representation; bureaucratic representation; law-enforcement; RACE; GENDER; equity; black; coproduction; determinants; DISCRETION

摘要

The research in representative bureaucracy that examines the extent to which racial congruence impacts bureaucrats' decisions is mixed. This study adds to this literature by examining the impact of representative bureaucracy on the level of force that police officers use and whether they make an arrest in use of force encounters, while taking into consideration key situational conditions. Using individual-level data from New Orleans to estimate this impact, the authors find that racial congruence and incongruence impact policing outcomes even in the presence of situational shortcuts that cue decision-making. The findings show that the benefits of representation are conditional on the outcome. Black officers are less likely to use higher levels of force on Black civilians. Yet both Black and White officers are less likely to arrest White civilians in use of force encounters. This suggests that interactions in which bureaucrats have less discretion (e.g., arrests) may offer limited opportunities for active representation.