Individual behavior and group membership

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Charness, Gary; Rigotti, Luca; Rustichini, Aldo
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Duke University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0002-8282
• DOI: 10.1257/aer.97.4.1340
• 发表日期: 2007
• 页码: 1340-1352
• 关键词: SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION; Group identity; games; identification; COOPERATION; dilemmas; BATTLE

摘要

People who are members of a group and identify with it behave differently from people who perceive themselves as isolated individuals. This paper shows that group membership affects preferences over outcomes, and saliency of the group affects the perception of the environment. We manipulate the saliency of group membership by letting a player's own group watch as a passive audience as decisions are made, and/or by making part of the payoff common for members of the group. In contrast to the minimal-group paradigm, minimal groups alone do not affect behavior in our strategic environments. However, salient group membership significantly increases the aggressive stance of the hosts (people who have their group members in the audience), and tends to reduce that of the guests.