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作者：Teso, Edoardo
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Can demographic shocks affect the long-run evolution of female labor force participation and gender norms? This paper traces current variation in women's participation in the labor force within Sub-Saharan Africa to the emergence of a female-biased sex ratio during the centuries of the transatlantic slave trade. This historical shock affected the division of labor along gender lines in the remaining African population, as women substituted for the missing men by taking up areas of work that we...
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作者：Charness, Gary; Grieco, Daniela
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Bocconi University
摘要：Creativity is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon with tremendous economic importance. Acrucial question for economists and for firms is the interplay of incentives and creativity. We present experiments where subjects face creativity tasks where, in one case, ex ante goals and constraints are imposed on their answers (closed tasks), and in the other case no restrictions apply (open tasks). The effect of tournament incentives on creativity is then tested. Our experimental findings provid...
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作者：Surico, Paolo; Trezzi, Riccardo
作者单位：University of London; London Business School; Federal Reserve System - USA; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：A sudden and temporary change to the Italian property tax system in 2011 generated significant variation in the amount of taxes paid across home-owners. Using new questions appositely added to the Survey on Household Income and Wealth, we exploit this cross-sectional variation to provide an unprecedented analysis of the consumption effects of a tax on housing wealth. A tax hike on the main dwelling leads to large expenditure cuts among mortgagors, who hold low liquid wealth despite owning siza...
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作者：Bosker, Maarten; Garretsen, Harry; Marlet, Gerard; van Woerkens, Clemens
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Groningen; University of Cambridge
摘要：This paper provides evidence on the price and perception of rare natural disasters. We exploit a unique, spatially extremely detailed, dataset on predicted flood water levels in the Netherlands. This dataset, in combination with information on the universe of home sales over the period 1999-2011, allows us to identify people's willingness to pay to avoid flood risk using a border discontinuity design. We find that house prices are on average 1% lower in places that are at risk of flooding. Thi...
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作者：Minetti, Raoul; Murro, Pierluigi; Rotondi, Zeno; Zhu, Susan Chun
作者单位：Michigan State University; Universita LUMSA; UniCredit Group
摘要：Using a unique sample of small and medium-sized Italian firms, we investigate the effect of financial constraints on firms' participation in domestic and international supply chains. We find that firms more exposed to bank credit rationing and with weaker relationships with banks are more likely to participate in supply chains to overcome liquidity shortages. This benefit of supply chains is especially strong when firms establish long-term trading relationships and when they forge ties with la...
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作者：Aghion, Philippe; Jaravel, Xavier; Persson, Torsten; Rouzet, Dorothee
作者单位：Universite PSL; College de France; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Stockholm University; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：What makes countries engage in reforms of mass education? Motivated by historical evidence on the relation between military threats and expansions of primary education, we assemble a panel dataset from the last 150 years in European countries and from the postwar period in a large set of countries. We uncover three stylized facts: (i) investments in education are associated with military threats, (ii) democratic institutions are negatively correlated with education investments, and (iii) educa...
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作者：Knight, Brian; Tribin, Ana
作者单位：Brown University; Banco de la Republica Colombia
摘要：We investigate viewer responses to ideological changes in television programming induced by cadenas, unannounced government propaganda in Venezuela. The drop-off in ratings during cadenas is concentrated among viewers of news programming on opposition channels, relative to progovernment channels. Also, the drop-off in ratings for moderate channels takes an intermediate value. The drop-off is stronger for viewers with access to cable channels, which do not air cadenas and experience an increase...
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作者：Mengel, Friederike; Sauermann, Jan; Zolitz, Ulf
作者单位：University of Essex; Lund University; Stockholm University; University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University; Maastricht University
摘要：This paper provides new evidence on gender bias in teaching evaluations. We exploit a quasi-experimental dataset of 19,952 student evaluations of university faculty in a context where students are randomly allocated to female or male instructors. Despite the fact that neither students' grades nor self-study hours are affected by the instructor's gender, we find that women receive systematically lower teaching evaluations than their male colleagues. This bias is driven by male students' evaluat...
