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作者：Defever, Fabrice; Riano, Alejandro
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); IESEG School of Management; Universite de Lille; City St Georges, University of London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Received wisdom suggests that most exporters sell most of their output domestically. We show, however, that the distribution of export intensity varies substantially across countries and is often bimodal, displaying twin peaks-that is, large shares of both low- and high-intensity exporters coexisting alongside each other within a country. We reconcile this new stylized fact with an otherwise standard model of trade in which firms face firm-destination-specific revenue shifters that follow a lo...
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作者：Engel, Charles; Park, JungJae
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Yonsei University
摘要：We present a model that accounts for the mystery of original sin and the surge in local-currency borrowing by emerging economies in the recent decade. We quantitatively investigate the currency composition of sovereign debt in the presence of two types of limited enforcement frictions arising from a government's monetary and debt policy: strategic currency debasement and default on sovereign debt. Local-currency debt obligations act as a better consumption hedge against income shocks than fore...
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作者：Gancia, Gino; Ponzetto, Giacomo A. M.; Ventura, Jaume
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：This paper develops a theoretical framework to study the interaction between globalization and political structure. We show that political structure adapts in a non-monotonic way to declining transport costs. Borders hamper trade. At an earlier stage, the political response to expanding trade opportunities consists of removing borders by increasing country size. At a later stage, instead, it consists of removing the cost of borders by creating international unions. This leads to a reduction in...
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作者：John, Anett; Orkin, Kate
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：Behavioral constraints may explain part of the low demand for preventive health products. We test the effects of two light-touch psychological interventions on water chlorination and related health and economic outcomes using a randomized controlled trial among 3,750 women in rural Kenya. One intervention encourages participants to visualize alternative realizations of the future, and the other builds participants' ability to make concrete plans. After 12 weeks, visualization increases objecti...
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作者：Leong, Kaiwen; Li, Huailu; Rysman, Marc; Walsh, Christoph
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; Fudan University; Shanghai Institute of International Finance & Economics; Boston University; Tilburg University
摘要：We estimate a structural model of bargaining between a branch of a large transnational gang and pushers using data from detailed records kept by the gang. The model allows for the gang's relative bargaining power to differ for pushers with different characteristics, such as those with addictions or borrowing problems. Exploiting supply shocks in our data, we use the estimated model to study the effectiveness of various enforcement strategies. We find that targeting pushers is more effective at...
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作者：Burzynski, Michal; Deuster, Christoph; Docquier, Frederic; de Melo, Jaime
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; University of Geneva
摘要：This paper investigates the long-term implications of climate change on global migration and inequality. Accounting for the effects of changing temperatures, sea levels, and the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, we model the impact of climate change on productivity and utility in a dynamic general equilibrium framework. By endogenizing people's migration decisions across millions of 5 x 5 km spatial cells, our approach sheds light on the magnitude and dyadic, education-specific str...
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作者：Ye, Han
作者单位：University of Mannheim
摘要：I estimate the effect of additional pension benefits on women's retirement decisions by examining a German pension subsidy program. The subsidies have a kinked relationship with the recipients' past pension contributions, creating a sharply different slope of benefits for similar women on either side of the kink point. I find that a 100 euro increase in the monthly benefit induces female recipients to claim their pensions six months earlier. Recipients also adjust their labor supply by using u...
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作者：Jarvis, Stephen; Deschenes, Olivier; Jha, Akshaya
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Many countries have phased out nuclear power in response to concerns about nuclear waste and the risk of nuclear accidents. This paper examines the shutdown of more than half of the nuclear production capacity in Germany after the Fukushima accident in 2011. We use hourly data on power plant operations and a machine learning approach to estimate the impacts of the phase-out policy. We find that reductions in nuclear electricity production were offset primarily by increases in coal-fired produc...
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作者：Ahlvik, Lassi; Liski, Matti
作者单位：University of Helsinki; Aalto University
摘要：How to fight global problems with local tools? When only firms know what externality-producing activities can be relocated, policies shape the location distribution of firm types with different social values. We find that, because of this selection effect, the optimal local policies confront firms' mobility with elevated corrective externality prices, in contrast with the common remedies for the relocation risk. Our mechanism incentivizes also moving firms to limit the externality, and it infl...
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作者：Bjorkman Nyqvist, Martina; Svensson, Jakob; Yanagizawa-Drott, David
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm University; University of Zurich
摘要：How can quality be improved in markets in developing countries, which are known to be plagued by substandard and counterfeit (fake, in short) products? We study the market for antimalarial drugs in Uganda, where we randomly assign entry of a retailer (non-governmental organization (NGO)) providing a superior product-an authentic drug priced below the market-and investigate how incumbent firms and consumers respond. We find that the presence of the NGO had economically important effects. Approx...
