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作者：Echenique, Federico; Li, Anqi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Waterloo
摘要：When information acquisition is costly but flexible, a principal may rationally acquire information that favors one group over another. The former group faces incentives to invest in becoming productive, while the latter is discouraged from such investments. In turn, the principal largely overlooks the productivity differences between groups and primarily promotes the invested group, unless the underinvested group surprises him with a genuinely outstanding outcome. We show that, when attention...
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作者：Courtemanche, Charles; Frisvold, David; Jimenez-Gomez, David; Ouayogode, Marietou H.; Price, Michael K.
作者单位：University of Kentucky; University of Iowa; Universitat d'Alacant; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Australian National University
摘要：This paper investigates whether and why laws requiring chain restaurants to post calories on menus and menu boards work. We develop a model of calories consumed that highlights multiple potential channels through which these laws influence choice and that outlines an empirical strategy to disentangle these alternatives. We test the predictions of our model using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on body mass index and consumer well-being, as well as our own surveys on ho...
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作者：Jokela, Markus; Merilaeinen, Jaakko; Tukiainen, Janne; von Schoultz, Asa
作者单位：University of Helsinki; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：A vast scholarship questions whether voters are sufficiently informed to act in their best interest at the polling booth, which may also have implications for the quality of political representation. In this study, we examine cognitive and non-cognitive ability tests conducted on (male) military conscripts by the Finnish Defense Forces and compare local and national election candidates nominated by political parties and representatives elected by voters with each other and the general populati...
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作者：Enke, Benjamin; Graeber, Thomas; Oprea, Ryan
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：A large literature shows that people's valuation of delayed financial rewards violates exponential discounting, exhibiting a hyperbolic pattern: high short-run impatience that strongly decreases in the length of the delay. We test the hypothesis that the hyperbolic pattern in measured discount rates over money reflects mistakes driven by the complexity of evaluating delayed payoffs. We document that hyperbolicity (i) is strongly associated with choice inconsistency and cognitive uncertainty, (...
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作者：Fuest, Clemens; Greil, Stefan; Hugger, Felix; Neumeier, Florian
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich
摘要：We use micro data from country-by-country reports of more than 3,600 multinational companies to analyze global profit shifting to avoid taxes. Unlike other data sets, country-by-country reports provide detailed information about the global economic activities of multinational companies, including those in tax haven countries. We find that these companies reduce their tax burden by 39 billion per year by shifting profits to low-tax countries. Extrapolating our results to the universe of large m...
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作者：Kwan, Simon; Ulate, Mauricio; Voutilainen, Ville
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; Bank of Finland
摘要：Despite the implementation of negative nominal interest rates by several advanced economies in the last decade, there is still much we do not know about the effectiveness of this instrument. In this paper, we analyze the pass-through of the European Central Bank's changes in the deposit facility rate to mortgage rates in Finland between 2005 and 2020. We use monthly data and three different empirical methodologies: event studies, high-frequency identification, and exposure-measure regressions....
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作者：Avdeenko, Alexandra; Froelich, Markus
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Mannheim
摘要：A significant component of the cost of climate change is the investment required for adaptation programs. Effective adaptation strategies are becoming essential for managing the negative economic impacts of climate change. In this study, we estimate climate change damage costs that incorporate adaptation costs and benefits under different environmental scenarios. Over a 3-year period, we tracked households in rural Sindh, some of which experienced extreme monsoon flooding in 2016. We present h...
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作者：Enke, Benjamin; Polborn, Mattias K.; Wu, Alex A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Vanderbilt University; University of Cologne; Harvard University
摘要：Motivated by novel survey evidence, we develop a theory of political behavior in which the relative weight voters place on values rather than material considerations increases in income. The model unifies several stylized facts about US politics and makes new predictions. The luxury goods idea implies-and two datasets confirm-that rich moral liberals are considerably more likely to vote against their economic interests than poor moral conservatives, cautioning against the common narrative that...
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作者：Pappada, Francesco; Rogoff, Kenneth S.
作者单位：Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Paris School of Economics; Harvard University
摘要：This paper offers a new approach to measuring the size of the informal economy based on VAT data for the European Union. Although data intensive, our evading value added duty economy (EVADE) measure is simpler and more transparent than existing measures. EVADE also shows more variation across countries of Europe than earlier measures, including higher informality in Greece, Italy, and Spain, for example. Moreover, we find considerably higher variation within countries across time; in a cross-c...
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作者：Maclean, Johanna Catherine; Pichler, Stefan; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
作者单位：George Mason University; University of Groningen; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); University of Mannheim
摘要：Using the National Compensation Survey from 2009 to 2022 and difference-in-differences methods, we find that state-level sick pay mandates are effective in broadening access to paid sick leave for U.S. workers. Increases in sick pay coverage reach 30 percentage points from a 63% baseline 5 years post-mandate. Mandates have more bite in jobs with low pre-mandate coverage. Further, mandates reduce inequality in access to paid sick leave substantially, both across and within firms. COVID-19 reinf...
