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作者：Dearden, L; Ferri, J; Meghir, C
作者单位：University of Valencia; University of London; University College London; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：The paper examines the effects of pupil-teacher ratios and type of school on educational attainment and wages using the British National Child Development Survey (NCDS). The NCDS is a panel survey that follows a cohort of individuals born in March 1958 and has a rich set of background variables recorded throughout the individuals' lives. The results suggest that. once we control for ability and fan-lily background, the pupil-teacher ratio has no impact on educational qualifications or on men's...
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作者：Cook, D
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Proxies that measure the effect of World War H on a country's capital stock are used as instruments for estimating standard cross-country growth regressions. The war's destruction should offer a natural experiment that allows us to consistently estimate the speed at which productivity growth converges to its long-run path. This paper presents evidence that convergence rates are approximately 4% to 6% per annum, substantially larger than conventional wisdom.
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作者：Brunner, AD
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper examines the historical effects of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle on world prices and economic activity. The primary focus is on world real non-oil primary commodity prices, although the effects on G-7 consumer price inflation and GDP growth are also considered. This paper has several distinct advantages over previous studies. First, several econometric models are estimated using fairly broad measures of prices and economic activity. Second, the models include continu...
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作者：McMillen, DP; McDonald, JF
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：The introduction of a new zoning ordinance to Chicago in 1923 offers a natural experiment that allows us to determine the effects of zoning on relative land-value growth rates. Policymakers claimed at the time that land-use zoning would raise aggregate land values by reducing negative externalities associated with mixed land use. After controlling for initial land use and the endogeneity of zoning decisions, we find that residential zoning led to higher land value growth rates than commercial ...
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作者：Hanson, GH; Robertson, R; Spilimbergo, A
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Macalester College; International Monetary Fund
摘要：In this paper, we examine the impact of enforcement of the U.S.-Mexico border on wages in U.S. and Mexican border regions. The U.S. Border Patrol polices U.S. boundaries, seeking to apprehend any undocumented entrants. It concentrates its efforts on the Mexican border. We examine labor markets in border areas of California, Texas, and Mexico. For each region, we have high-frequency data on wages and person-hours the U.S. Border Patrol spends policing the border. For a range of empirical specif...
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作者：Netz, JS; Taylor, BA
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Baylor University
摘要：We empirically test implications from location theory using the location of Los Angeles-area gasoline stations in physical space and in the space of product attributes. We consider the effect of demand patterns entry costs, and several proxies for competition on the tendency for a gasoline station to be physically located more or less closely to its competitors. Using an estimation procedure that controls for spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregression, and controlling for market charac...
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作者：Taylor, AM
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates purchasing-power parity (PPP) since the late nineteenth century. I collected data for a group of twenty countries over 100 years, a larger historical panel of annual data than has ever been studied. The evidence for long-run PPP is favorable using recent multivariate and univariate tests of higher power. Residual variance analysis shows that episodes of floating exchange rates have generally been associated with larger deviations from PPP, as expected; this result is no...
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作者：Thurston, NK; Libby, AM
作者单位：Brigham Young University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We revisit Reinhardt's (1972) commonly used production function for physician services. This production function, although appropriate in some settings, is not adequate for more detailed studies. The generalized linear production function (Diewart, 1971) is an attractive alternative for this application: it admits zero values for inputs and allows the estimation of complex technical relationships. We find that, from 1965-1988. the technical relationships that describe the production process fo...
