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作者：Lechner, M
摘要：This paper addresses microeconometric evaluation by matching methods when the programs under consideration are heterogeneous. Assuming that selection into the different subprograms and the potential outcomes are independent given observable characteristics, estimators based on different propensity scores are compared and applied to the analysis of active labor market policies in the Swiss region of Zurich. Furthermore, the issues of heterogeneous effects and aggregation are addressed. The resu...
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作者：Lízal, L; Svejnar, J
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences
摘要：Strategic restructuring of firms through investment is key to a transition from plan to market. Using data on industrial firms in the Czech Republic during 1992-1998, we find that foreign-owned companies invest the most and cooperatives the least, that private firms do not invest more than state-owned ones, and that cooperatives and small firms are credit rationed. Given the large volume of nonperforming bank loans to firms and the high rate of investment of large state-owned and private firms...
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作者：Dearden, L; Ferri, J; Meghir, C
作者单位：University of Valencia; University of London; University College London; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：The paper examines the effects of pupil-teacher ratios and type of school on educational attainment and wages using the British National Child Development Survey (NCDS). The NCDS is a panel survey that follows a cohort of individuals born in March 1958 and has a rich set of background variables recorded throughout the individuals' lives. The results suggest that. once we control for ability and fan-lily background, the pupil-teacher ratio has no impact on educational qualifications or on men's...
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作者：Keller, W; Levinson, A
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Georgetown University
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of changing environmental standards on patterns of international investment. The analysis advances the existing literature in three ways. First, we avoid comparing different countries by examining foreign direct investment in the United States and differences in pollution abatement costs among U.S. states. Data on environmental costs in U.S. states are more comparable than those for different countries, and U.S. states are more similar in other difficult-to-meas...
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作者：Harris, R; Robinson, C
作者单位：Durham University; University of Portsmouth
摘要：This paper compares the performance of U.K. plants that were acquired by the foreign-owned sector during 1987-1992 with other comparable subgroups of plants operating at the same time (including plants acquired by U.K.-owned companies). The principal aim is to consider the types of plants that were acquired and whether after acquisition they performed above or below average when compared to other manufacturing plants. The results show that foreign-owned enterprises acquired the most-productive...
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作者：Ravn, MO; Uhlig, H
作者单位：University of London; London Business School; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：This paper studies how the Hodrick-Prescott filter should be adjusted when changing the frequency of observations. It complements the results of Baxter and King (1999) with an analytical analysis, demonstrating that the filter parameter should be adjusted by multiplying it with the fourth power of the observation frequency ratios. This yields an HP parameter value of 6.25 for annual data given a value of 1600 for quarterly data. The relevance of the suggestion is illustrated empirically.
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作者：Oettinger, GS
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：This paper analyzes both theoretically and empirically how an absolute grading standard that allows only a small number of distinct grades affects student course performance outcomes. The clearest prediction of the model is that course performance of grade-motivated students will tend to be clustered slightly above the boundaries that separate grades, as long as the variance of the random component of performance is not too large. A more tenuous prediction is that the proximity of a grade-moti...
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作者：Alberini, A; Austin, D
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Resources for the Future
摘要：Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on polluters induces firms to handle hazardous wastes properly. We examine unintended pollution releases, relating them to the liability imposed on polluters by state mini-Superfund laws. We find that strict liability reduces the frequency and severity of pollution releases, but that its effects vary with firm-size. Smaller firms are associated with more pollution releases in states with strict liabili...
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作者：Cook, D
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Proxies that measure the effect of World War H on a country's capital stock are used as instruments for estimating standard cross-country growth regressions. The war's destruction should offer a natural experiment that allows us to consistently estimate the speed at which productivity growth converges to its long-run path. This paper presents evidence that convergence rates are approximately 4% to 6% per annum, substantially larger than conventional wisdom.
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作者：Hanushek, EA; Kain, JF; Rivkin, SG
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Amherst College
摘要：Most discussion of special education has centered on the costs of providing mandated programs for children with disabilities and not on their effectiveness. As in many other policy areas, inferring program effectiveness is difficult because students not in special education do not provide a good comparison group. By following students who move in and out of targeted programs, however, we are able to identify program effectiveness from changes over time in individual performance. We find that t...
