-
作者：Mazumder, B
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：Previous studies, relying on short-term averages of fathers' earnings, have estimated the intergenerational elasticity (IGE) in earnings to be approximately 0.4. Due to persistent transitory fluctuations, these estimates have been biased down by approximately 30% or more. Using administrative data containing the earnings histories of parents and children,, the IGE is estimated to be around 0.6. This suggests that the United States is substantially less mobile than previous research indicated. ...
-
作者：Peri, G
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Knowledge flows within and across countries may have important consequences for both productivity and innovation. We use data on 1.5 million parents and 4.5 million citations to estimate knowledge flows at the frontier of technology across 147 subnational regions during 1975-1996 within the frame of a gravity-like equation. We estimate that only 20% of average knowledge is learned outside the average region of origin, and only 9% is learned outside the country of origin. However, knowledge in ...
-
作者：Booth, AL; Bryan, ML
作者单位：Australian National University; University of Essex
摘要：We confront the predictions of various theories with new training data from the British Household Panel Survey. We find that employer-financed training is associated with significantly higher wages at current and future firms, with a larger impact in future firms. This is consistent with human capital theory with credit constraints and with the new training literature assuming imperfectly competitive labor markets.We confront the predictions of various theories with new training data from the ...
-
作者：Sacerdote, B
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：How much do sins visited upon one generation harm that generation's future sons, daughters, grandsons, and granddaughters? I study this question by comparing outcomes for former slaves and their children and grandchildren to outcomes for free blacks (pre-1865) and their children and grandchildren. The outcome measures include literacy, whether a child attends school, months spent in school, years of schooling and two measures of adult occupation. Using a variety of different comparisons (for e...
-
作者：Xiang, C
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：This paper provides data on the output and factor payments of new goods for every four-digit industry in the U.S. manufacturing sector in the late 1970s and 1980s. For the entire manufacturing sector, the new goods' average skilled-labor intensity exceeds the old goods' by over 40%, and new goods can account for approximately 30% of the increase in the relative demand for skilled labor. Because new goods provide a direct measure of technology, this paper offers new evidence that technology has...
-
作者：Baicker, K
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Knowing the responsiveness of state spending to federal subsidies along different dimensions allows for the optimal design of joint federal-state programs. Welfare is an important case in point: states have the ability to choose both the extent of welfare eligibility and the intensity of benefits provided through the program. This paper estimates the sensitivity of state spending to separate federal subsidies for increasing benefits and for increasing recipients. Because the federal match rate...
-
作者：Doyle, JJ Jr
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Previous studies find that the uninsured receive less health care than the insured, yet differences in health outcomes have rarely been studied. In addition, selection bias may partly explain the difference in care received. This paper focuses on an unexpected health shock-severe automobile accidents where victims have little choice but to visit a hospital. Another innovation is the use of a comparison group that is similar to the uninsured: those who have private health insurance but do not h...
-
作者：Cohen, A
作者单位：Analysis Group Inc.; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：This paper tests the predictions of adverse-selection models using data from the automobile insurance market. I find that, in contrast to what recent research suggests, the evidence is consistent with the presence of informational asymmetries in this market: new customers choosing higher insurance coverage arc associated with more accidents. Consistent with the possibility of policyholders' learning about their risk type, such a coverage-accidents correlation exists only for policyholders with...
-
作者：Mobarak, AM
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Growth stability is an important objective-because development requires sustained increases in income, because volatility is costly for the poor, and because volatility deters growth. We study the determinants of average growth and its volatility as a two-equation system, and find that higher levels of democracy and diversification lower volatility, whereas volatility itself reduces growth. Muslim countries instrument for democracy, and measures of diversification identify volatility. In contr...
-
作者：Traca, DA
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：This paper addresses the link between trade exposure and wage volatility. First, it shows, in a simple model, that trade exposure magnifies the impact of domestic productivity shocks on industry- specific labor demand, particularly for the less export-intensive industries, and that, if labor is not perfectly mobile, this implies a rise in wage volatility. Then, it tests these predictions, using industry data. The empirical results confirm that wage volatility increases with an industry's degre...
