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作者：Ihlanfeldt, Keith R.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：There has been renewed interest in the possible use of employment programs for disadvantaged male youth as a policy to reduce drug crime, but little evidence exists on the youth employment/drug crime relationship and theory suggests that these programs may increase rather than decrease the amount of drug crime. In this paper, panel data at the neighborhood level are used to investigate the relationship between drug crime and young males' intraurban job accessibility. Results obtained from mode...
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作者：Puller, Steven L.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：This paper analyzes the pricing behavior of electricity generating firms in the restructured California market from its inception in April 1998 until its collapse in late 2000. Using detailed firm-level data, I find that conduct is fairly consistent with a Cournot pricing game for much of the sample. In summer and fall 2000, the market was slightly less competitive, yet the dramatic rise in prices was more driven by changes in costs and demand than by changes in firm conduct. The five large no...
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作者：Bobonis, Gustavo J.; Shatz, Howard J.
作者单位：University of Toronto; RAND Corporation
摘要：Using U.S. state-level data we show that agglomeration externalities influence the level of foreign-invested capital in a location. Our empirical model allows the separation of agglomeration effects from the rate of capital stock adjustment, two forces that previous research has conflated. We estimate an agglomeration elasticity of investment of 0.11 to 0.15 with respect to same-source-country investment, lower than previous estimates. We also investigate the influence of state policies and fi...
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作者：Klump, Rainer; McAdam, Peter; Willman, Alpo
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Using a normalized CES function with factor-augmenting technical progress, we estimate a supply-side system of the U.S. economy from 1953 to 1998. Avoiding potential estimation biases that may have occurred in earlier studies and putting a high emphasis on data consistency, we obtain robust results not only for the aggregate elasticity of substitution but also for the parameters of labor and capital augmenting technical change. We find that the elasticity of substitution is significantly below...
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作者：Gali, Jordi; Gertler, Mark; Lopez-Salido, J. David
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; New York University
摘要：We present a simple theory-based measure of the variations in aggregate economic efficiency: the gap between the marginal product of labor and the household's consumption leisure tradeoff. We show that this indicator corresponds to the reciprocal of the markup of price over social marginal cost, and give some evidence in support of this interpretation. We then show that, with some auxiliary assumptions, our gap variable may be used to measure the efficiency costs of business fluctuations. We f...
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作者：Montalvo, Jose G.; Reynal-Querol, Marta
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：The World Health Organization estimates that 300 million clinical cases of malaria occur annually and observed that during the 80s and part of the 90s its incidence increased. In this paper, we explore the influence of refugees from civil wars on the incidence of malaria in the refugee-receiving countries. Using civil wars as an instrumental variable, we show that for each 1,000 refugees there are between 2,000 and 2,700 cases of malaria in the refugee-receiving country. On average 13% of the ...
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作者：Amiti, Mary; Cameron, Lisa
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Melbourne
摘要：This paper estimates the agglomeration benefits that arise from vertical linkages between firms. We identify the agglomeration benefits off the spatial variation in firms' nominal wages. Using unusually detailed intermediate input data, we take account of the location of input suppliers to estimate cost linkages; and the location of demand from final consumers and other firms to estimate demand linkages. The results show that the externalities that arise from demand and cost linkages are quant...
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作者：Li, Hongbin; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper examines the impact of the birth rate on economic growth by using a panel data set of 28 provinces in China over twenty years. Because China's one-child policy applied only to the Han Chinese but not to minorities, this unique affirmative policy allows us to use the proportion of minorities in a province as an instrumental variable to identify the causal effect of the birth rate on economic growth. We find that the birth rate has a negative impact on economic growth. The finding not...
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作者：Feyrer, James
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between workforce demographics and aggregate productivity. Changes in the age structure of the workforce are found to be significantly correlated with changes in aggregate productivity. Different demographic structures may be related to almost one-quarter of the persistent productivity gap between the OECD and low-income nations as well as part of the productivity divergence between 1960 and 1990.
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作者：Goos, Maarten; Manning, Alan
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper shows that the United Kingdom since 1975 has exhibited a pattern of job polarization with rises in employment shares in the highest- and lowest-wage occupations. This is not entirely consistent with the idea of skill-biased technical change as a hypothesis about the impact of technology on the labor market. We argue that the routinization hypothesis recently proposed by Autor, Levy, and Murnane (2003) is a better explanation of job polarization, though other factors may also be impo...
