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作者：Wijen, Frank; Flowers, Mallory Elise
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Rhode Island
摘要：Many voluntary sustainability standards govern opaque environmental and social issues, which are difficult to understand and address. Extant studies show mixed evidence around the effectiveness of such standards. We develop a theoretical framework that relates different degrees and types of opacity to standard effectiveness. Systemic opacity results from issues embedded in complex, diverse, and dynamic settings, whereas behavioral opacity stems from human challenges in interpreting and acting ...
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作者：Dafe, Florence; Engebretsen, Rebecca Elisabeth Husebye
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：As efforts to harmonize policies globally intensify, developing countries increasingly face pressures to adopt international standards. Yet, we know little about the circumstances under which developing countries manage to circumvent such pressures, or about their strategies to maintain policy space. We explore under which conditions developing countries are willing and able to sustain mock-compliance, a situation where countries comply on paper but not in practice. Using country comparisons o...
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作者：Berning, Laila; Sotirov, Metodi
作者单位：University of Freiburg
摘要：The European Union (EU) has recently introduced the Deforestation Regulation to close regulatory gaps in the sustainability and legality of global forest and agricultural commodity supply chains. We analyze this regulatory policy change by drawing on accountability scholarship and institutionalist theories of regulation. Our results show that the Regulation aims to enhance corporate accountability mechanisms through mostly state-based hard regulation of commodity supply chains, reducing the ro...
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作者：Levine-Schnur, Ronit
作者单位：Reichman University
摘要：A controversial U.S. Supreme Court decision in Kelo v. City of New London (2005) which did not limit the use of state's eminent domain powers, led to an unprecedented legislative reaction by almost all 50 states. Of all, New York State stands out as one of the single states not to respond with a legislative amendment. In this study, I ask whether the state's predation was greater in the years following these legal and political developments, in light of the freedom which was granted to local p...
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作者：Zeitlin, Jonathan; van der Duin, David; Kuhn, Theresa; Weimer, Maria; Jensen, Martin Dybdahl
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Ghent University; University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Do governance reforms affect public acceptance of regulatory decisions, and if so, how? We tackled this critical but under-studied question through a pair of linked survey experiments on public attitudes toward the reform of European Union (EU) pesticides regulation among a representative sample of the adult population in six EU member states. We tested the expectation that citizens are more likely to accept a regulatory decision that runs counter to their prior policy preferences if it is tak...
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作者：von Nordheim, Fritz; Kvist, Jon
作者单位：Roskilde University
摘要：The likelihood that longevity will continue to increase has generated a search for regulation that make people work longer as they live longer, and thus not just containing pension expenditure but also enlarging labor supply, economic growth, and tax revenue. In public pension policy, Nordic countries have led the world with three types of approaches aimed at making people retire later. The first came when Sweden, followed by Finland and Norway, installed life expectancy coefficients in benefi...
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作者：Mathieu, Emmanuelle
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：The diffusion of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in utilities sectors in developing countries is underpinned by the idea that IRAs are highly effective institutional devices to signal policy credibility to private investors. But is it really so? Institutional economists tend to confirm the effectiveness of IRAs, while also highlighting the many factors that condition its positive impact on investments. Acknowledging the importance of interaction effects, this paper proposes to shift the...
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作者：Guttel, Ehud; Harel, Alon; Procaccia, Yuval
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Reichman University
摘要：Among the major decisions any legal system must make is deciding whether to establish general courts with broad jurisdiction, or specialized courts with limited jurisdiction. Under one influential argument-advanced by both judges and legal theorists-general courts foster coherence within the legal system. This Article identifies a distinct effect of establishing general courts: the complementarity effect. In the case of complementarity, general courts strategically apply different principles i...
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作者：Ilsoe, Anna; Soderqvist, Carl Fredrik
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Blekinge Institute Technology
摘要：The entry of gig-platforms to labor markets world-wide has caused significant frictions with national institutions and regulators, including trade unions. In this article, we compare the interactions between taxi and food delivery platforms with the industrial relations (IR) systems of Denmark and Sweden, where we observe isolated instances of unions striking collective agreements with platforms. We assess and compare platform strategies and interactions with IR system agents, using an RIT-fra...
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作者：Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina
作者单位：Hertie School
摘要：Despite the salience of transparency in policy and democracy debates a global measurement of transparency has always been missing. It its absence, measuring the impact of transparency on accountability and corruption for a large number of countries has been difficult, with scholars using more or less adequate proxies. This paper introduces a new measurement of real transparency-the T-index-using 14 de facto components, based on direct observations of official websites in 129 countries and five...
