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作者：BROWN, C
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The traditional literature on method of pay distinguishes workers who are paid time rates from those who are paid piece rates. The theory predicts that the piece-rate workers will earn more, and empirically they do. A simple generalization is to divide time-rate workers into two groups: those whose wage depends on their supervisor's ratings and those whose wage does not. Theory predicts that the workers whose pay is linked to supervisor ratings will earn more than the other time-rate workers. ...
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作者：PINT, EM
作者单位：University of Oxford; RAND Corporation
摘要：A stochastic-cost model is used to show that both price-cap and rate-of-return regulation lead to overinvestment in capital and to excessive managerial slack. However, they differ in stochastic versus fixed intervals between hearings and in the use of test-year costs versus average costs since the previous hearing. A numerical example illustrates that fixed intervals between hearings improve welfare if hearings are not held too frequently, but most gains go to the firm. More significantly, the...
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作者：DRANOVE, D; SHANLEY, M; SIMON, C
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Recent attention has been given to the hypothesis that local hospital competition takes the form of costly duplication of specialized services-the medical arms race. This contrasts with the hypothesis that the supply of specialized services is determined solely by the extent of the market. We develop a model predicting the provision of specialized services in local markets. Our analysis of California hospitals provides minimal support for the medical arms race hypothesis while suggesting subs...
